Hûn-tit-sin (Hàn-jī: 賁德新, 1863 nî1933 nî), goân-miâ Bernt Berntsen, sī Nô͘-ui-Bí-kok Ki-tok-kàu lâi Tiong-kok ê Thôan-káu-sū, Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-hōe ê chhòng-pān-lâng [1]. Hûn-tit-sin tī Tiong-kok jī-cha̍p-káu nî(1904-nî-1933-nî). I chhòng-li̍p ê Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-hōe āu-lâi tī 1914-nî kui-sio̍k Sîn-tiàu-hōe[2], Hûn-tit-sin tī Tiong-kok tài-niá Tiuⁿ Lêng-seng kah Gūi Pó-lô téng-téng lâng kui-sìn Ki-tok-kàu chi Gō͘-sûn-chat phài-hē, tī Ti̍t-lē-séng (kin-á-jit Hô-pak-séng) ê Tōa-miâ-hú, Chèng-tēng-hú í-ki̍p Pak-kiaⁿ-chhī sêng-li̍p Thôan-kàu-khu(mission station) [3]. Hûn-tit-sin tùi Chin Iâ-so͘ Kàu-hōe chá-kî thôan-kàu kang-lâng ê éng-hióng-le̍k bē-chió, I iā-sī chá-kî Gō͘-sûn-chat ūn-tōng thôan-kàu Tiong-kok ê Thoân-kàu-sū khí-gôan-chiá (Missionary Progenitor) chi-it[4].

Hûn-tit-sin

Seng-pêng siu-kái

Chá-nî seng-gâi siu-kái

Hûn-tit-sin sī 1863-nî 1-go̍eh 1-ji̍t chhut-seⁿ tī Nô͘-ui ê Larvik chi̍t-ê Ki-tok-tô͘ ka-têng, in lāu-pē sī Ole Berntsen. Hûn-tit-sin saⁿ-cha̍p-hòe ê sî-chūn (1893-nî) î-bîn khì Bí-kok, tī Illinois ê Chicago chi̍t-keng cha̍p-hòe-tiàm kang-chok[5]. Chhit nî āu (1904-nî 9-go̍eh 6-ji̍t) i tī Illinois ê Cook County tit-tio̍h Bí-kok kong-bîn[6]

Hun-in siu-kái

Hûn-tit-sin tī 1890 nî-tāi kah Magna Berg kiat-hun; in ê hāu-seⁿHenry Berntsen sī 1900-nî 8-go̍eh tī Chicago chhut-seⁿ, chiap-tio̍h in ê chau-kiáⁿRuth Berntsen sī 1910-nî 8-go̍eh 26-ji̍t chhut-seⁿ.

Tē-it-kài lâi Tiong-kok siu-kái

1904-nî, Hûn-tit-sin sì-cha̍p-hòe ê sî-chūn kah ka-têng teng-chûn lâi-khì Tiong-kok, khai-sí tī Eng-kok thôan-káu-sū Horace W. Houlding sô͘ kiàn-li̍p tī Ti̍t-lē-séng Tōa-miâ-hú ê Lâm Ti̍t-lē Hok-im-hōe Thôan-kàu-khu khai-sí soan-kàu[7].

Chiap-chhiok Gō͘-sûn-chat ūn-tōng siu-kái

1906-nî 12-go̍eh, Hûn-tit-sin gián-tho̍k chiông Los Angeles chhut-pán ê Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-pò, 1907-nî I chham-ka Siōng-hái kí-pān ê "Thôan-kàu Chi̍t-pah Chiu-nî Hōe-gī" lâi chhâ khòaⁿ ū lâng chai-iáⁿ sèng-lêng ê siū-sé chit kiāⁿ tāi-chì--bô, tān-sī in phoe-phêng chit-sī "mô͘-kúi ê chok-kang". Hûn-tit-sin tùi in ê kóng-hoat bô móa-ì, tān-sī i iā-sī tńg khì gôan-lâi ê Thôan-kàu-khu [8]. Teng-khì bô-kú I siu-tio̍h chiông Chicago chi̍t-ê pêng-iú siá ê phoe, kóng I tit-tio̍h sèng-lêng ê siū-sé. Hûn-tit-sin siūⁿ-beh thé-giàm chi̍t-ê keng-giām, só͘-í chē-chûn khì Bí-kok khì khòaⁿ-māi.

1907-nî 8-go̍eh, Hûn-tit-sin kàu Seattle chham-ka Martin L. Ryan kí-pān ê ho̍k-heng-hōe (revival meeting), tān-sī I chit-kài bô tit-tio̍h sèng-lêng ê siū-sé. I khì California ê Oakland chham-ka William F. Manley só͘ pān ê kî-tó-hōe, tān-sī iā-sī bô thé-giàm. Hûn-tit-sin chòe-āu chiân-óng Los Angeles ê "Azusa Street Mission" kiû sèng-lêng ê chhiong-móa, I chiong-î tī 1907-nî 9-go̍eh 15-ji̍t tit-tio̍h sèng-lêng ê siū-sé kah kóng-lêng-giân[9]. Azusa Street Mission ê léng-siù thiaⁿ-kìⁿHûn-tit-sin ê kiàn-chèng chi-āu, in beh hō͘ I pó͘-chō͘-kim, lâi chi-chhî i tī Tiong-kok ê Thoân-kàu kang-chok. I teng-khì Seattle, kah cha̍p-it ūi Gō͘-sûn-chat Thoân-kàu-sū chhòng-li̍p chi̍t-ê pò͘-tō-thôan chheng-chok "Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-hōe" (ah-sī chheng-chok Sìn-sim-hōe)[10]

Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-hōe siu-kái

1908-nî, Hûn-tit-sin kah Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-hōe Thoân-kàu-sū tī Tiong-kok Hô-pak-séng Chèng-tēng-hú khai-sí thoân-kàu[11], ū 4-ê gōa-kok-lâng in-ūi bē-hiáu kóng Tiong-bûn, gí-giân bô-thong só͘-í in lī-khui kàu Siōng-hái ha̍k-si̍p Tiong-bûn. Hûn-tit-sin cho͘ chit-keng tiàm móe-ji̍t kí-hêng pò͘-tō-hōe, bōe-chió kûn-chiòng, iû-kî-sī bô-chîⁿ-lâng, lâi thàm-thiaⁿin ê kóng-tō. 1910-nî Hûn-tit-sin hō͘ saⁿ-cha̍p ê bô-chîⁿ-lâng lâi sìn Iâ-so͘. I chin jia̍t-sim chiàu-kò͘ ko͘-jî, chân-chiòng-lâng, chhàu-hī-lâng-ê, bông-bo̍k-êé-káu-êliû-lōng-chiá téng-téng ê khó-liân-lâng.

Chiông 1910-nî 4-go̍eh kàu 11-go̍eh, Hûn-tit-sin chē-chûn khì Nô͘-ui, Sūi-tiánTan-be̍h thàm-hóng chhin-pêng hó-iú [12], i kāng sî-chūn kah Nô͘-ui Gō͘-sûn-chat ūn-tōng léng-siù Thomas Ball Barratt í-ki̍p Erik Andersen Nordquelle kiàn-li̍p koan-hē, chi-āu teng-khì Tiong-kok [13]

I Chiông 1912-nî khai-sí chhut-pán Tiong-bûn ê khan-bu̍t chheng-chok Thong-thôan Hok-im Chin-lí Pò, lōe-iông kiông-tiāu ki-tok-tô͘ pit-su siū Sèng-lêng. In tī Chèng-tēng-hú soan-kàu it-ti̍t-kàu 1916-nî, in î-sóa kàu Pak-pêng (kin-á-jit ê Pak-kiaⁿ). Chiap-siū Sóe-lé ê sìn-tô͘ ū pau-koat Tiuⁿ Lêng-seng (1910-nî) kah Gūi Pó-lô (1916-nî).

Chiông 1914-nî, ū-ê Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-hōe Thoân-kàu-sū, pau-koat Hûn-tit-sin khai-sí kui-sio̍k Sîn-tiàu-hōe [14]

Iú-koan An-hioh-ji̍t ê būn-tê siu-kái

1916-nî, Tiuⁿ Lêng-seng lâi hóng-būn Hûn-tit-sin, kiàn-gī I kín-siú lé-pài-la̍k ê An-hioh-ji̍t [15]. Hûn-tit-sin chiap-siū, tī 1916-nî 9-go̍eh 1-jit tē cha̍p-saⁿkî êThong-thôan Hok-im Chin-lí Pò chèng-sek kong-pò͘ beh siú An-hioh-ji̍t.

1917-nî, Hûn-tit-sin hoat-piáu bûn-chiuⁿLūn An-hioh Sèng-ji̍t tī Tiong-kok ê Ji̍t-kî, lāi-iông sī kóng: "...tī Tiong-kok ê lé-pài-ji̍t, chiū-sī An-hioh-ji̍t, in-ūi Sai Pòaⁿ-kiû ê lâng, chē-chûn chhut-hái lâi Tiong-kok, in tī hái-lō͘ sî-chūn tek-ka tî-khì chi̍t-ji̍t, só͘-í Tiong-kok ê lé-pài-ji̍t, chiū-sī Sai Pòaⁿ-kiû ê lé-pài-la̍k, hiān-kim tī Eng téng kok-ka ê tē-khu, lé-pài-la̍k sī An-hioh-ji̍t, jî-chhú thui-sǹg, tī Tiong-kok ê tē-khu, siú An-hioh Sèng-ji̍t èng-kai tī lé-pài-ji̍t. [16]"

Chhut-pán ê Tù-chok siu-kái

  • Thong-thôan Hok-im Chin-lí Pò, (Popular Gospel Truths, 1912-nî khai-sí chhut-pán)

Chham-khó chu-liāu siu-kái

  1. R. G. Tiedemann, Reference Guide to Christian Missionary Societies in China, ia̍h 121
  2. R. G. Tiedemann, Reference Guide to Christian Missionary Societies in China, ia̍h 121
  3. R.G. Tiedemann, "Reference Guide to Christian Missionary Societies in China: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century", ia̍h 122
  4. Daniel H. Bays, "Indigenous Responses to Western Christianity: Indigenous Protestant Churches in China", ia̍h 137
  5. R. G. Tiedemann, Handbook of Christianity in China: 1800 to the Present, ia̍h 550
  6. Department Passport Application of Bernt Berntsen, dated September 4, 1919.
  7. R.G. Tiedemann, "Reference Guide to Christian Missionary Societies in China: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century", ia̍h.138
  8. Cecil M. Robeck, The Azusa Street Mission and Revival: The Birth of the Global Pentecostal Movement, ia̍h.260
  9. Xi Lian, Redeemed by Fire: The Rise of Popular Christianity in Modern China, ia̍h.46
  10. See Cecil M. Robeck, The Azusa Street Mission and Revival: The Birth of the Global Pentecostal Movement, ia̍h.263
  11. Russell P. Spittler, Pentecostal currents in American Protestantism, ia̍h.55
  12. Department Passport Application of Bernt Berntsen, dated September 4, 1919
  13. David Bundy, Visions of Apostolic Mission: Scandinavian Pentecostal Mission to 1935
  14. Kàu 1936-nî, Miss E.L. Brown sī Sú-tô͘ Sìn-sim-hōe tī Tiong-kok ûi-it ê tāi-piáu. For further information, see R.G. Tiedemann, Reference Guide to Christian Missionary Societies in China: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Century, ia̍h.122
  15. Steven Kaplan, Indigenous responses to western Christianity, p.133
  16. Lūn An-hioh Sèng-ji̍t tī Tiong-kok ê Ji̍t-kî, Thong-thôan Hok-im Chin-lí Pò, Tē Cha̍p-saⁿkî, 1917-nî

Siang-koan ê bûn-chiuⁿ siu-kái

Chham-khó chu-liāu siu-kái


Thoân-kàu-sū