Thang-chài-seng lêng-goân

Thang-chài-seng lêng-goân (Eng-gí: renewable energy) sī ùi thang-chài-seng chu-goân (ē-tàng pó͘-chhiong, chhin-chhiūⁿ ji̍t-kng, hong, hō͘, hái-tiâu, chúi-éng, kap tē-jia̍t) siu-chi̍p lâi ê lêng-goân.^[1] Thang-chài-seng lêng-goân tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ thê-kiong lêng-goân hō͘ sì ê tiōng-iàu léng-he̍k: hoat-tiān, khong-khì, chúi ka-jia̍t/chè-léng, kau-thong, kap to̍k-li̍p tiān-goân hē-thóng téng lêng-goân ho̍k-bū.^[2]

Kin-kì REN21 2017 nî ê pò-kò, thang-chài-seng lêng-goân tī 2015 kap 2016 nî ê sî-chūn hun-pia̍t chiàm jîn-lūi sè-kài lêng-goân siau-hàu-liōng kap seng-sán lêng-goân ê 19.3% kap 24.5%. Lêng-goân siau-hàu pun chò thoân-thóng seng-chit-lêng 8.9%, jia̍t-lêng (hiān-tāi seng-chit-lêng, tē-jia̍t, kap thài-iông-lêng) chiàm 4.2%, chúi-le̍k-tiān chiàm 3.9%, kî-thaⁿ lâi-chū hong-lêng, thài-iông-lêng, tē-jia̍t, kap kî-thaⁿ hêng-sek seng-chit-lêng ê tiān-lêng chiàm 2.2%. 2015 nî, choân-kiû tùi thang-chài-seng ki-su̍t ê tâu-chu chhiau-kòe 2,860 ek Bí-kim.^[3] 2017 nî, choân-kiû thang-chài-seng lêng-goân tâu-chu chóng-gia̍h sī 2,798 ek Bí-kim, kî-tiong Tiong-kok chiàm 1,266 ek Bí-kim, chiàm choân-kiû tâu-chu ê 45%, Bí-kok chiàm 405 ek Bí-kim, Au-chiu chiàm 409 ek Bí-kim.^[4] Choân-kiû hām thang-chài-seng lêng-goân sán-gia̍p siong-koan ê kang-chok ko͘-kè ū 770 bān ê, kî-tiong thài-iông-kng hoat-tiān sī siāng tōa ê thang-chài-seng lêng-goân thâu-ke.^[5] Thang-chài-seng lêng-goân hē-thóng tng-teh khoài-sok piàn chò koh-khah ko-hāu mā koh-khah sio̍k, in tī chóng lêng-goân siau-hàu tiong só͘ chiàm ê hūn-gia̍h mā tng-teh cheng-ka.^[6] Chia̍t-chì 2019 nî, choân-kiû sin-cheng chong-ki iông-liōng ê 3 hun-chi 2 í-siōng lóng sī thang-chài-seng--ê.^[7] In-ūi cheng-ka liáu thang-chài-seng lêng-goân kap thian-jiân-khì ê sú-iōng, mûi-thòaⁿ kap chio̍h-iû siau-hùi ê cheng-tióng khó-lêng ē tī 2020 nî kiat-sok.^[8]^[9]

Tī kok-ka ê chân-kip, choân-sè-kài chì-chió ū 30 ê kok-ka í-keng ū thang-chài-seng lêng-goân, chiàm lêng-goân kiong-èng ê 20% í-siōng.^[10] Ī-kè kok-ka thang-chài-seng lêng-goân chhī-tiûⁿ tī bī-lâi cha̍p tang chì í-āu ē kè-sio̍k kiông-kèng cheng-tióng. Chi̍t-kóa só͘-chāi kap chì-chió nn̄g ê kok-ka (Peng-tó kap Nô͘-ui) í-keng ēng thang-chài-seng lêng-goân hoat-tiān, ah kî-thaⁿ chē-chē kok-ka lóng siat-tēng liáu bī-lâi ta̍t-kàu 100% thang-chài-seng lêng-goân ê bo̍k-piau.^[11] Sè-kài siōng chì-chió ū 47 ê kok-ka í-keng ū chhiau-kòe 50% ê tiān-le̍k lâi-chū thang-chài-seng chu-goân.^[12]^[13]^[14] Hām khòng-bu̍t tian-tó, thang-chài-seng lêng-goân tī khoah-khoah ê tē-lí khe-he̍k lāi chûn-chāi, khòng-bu̍t jiân-lia̍t chi̍p-tiong tī chió-sò͘ kúi-ê kok-ka. Khoài-sok pō͘-sú thang-chài-seng lêng-goân kap lêng-goân hāu-lu̍t ki-su̍t ē-tàng tòa-lâi kī-tāi ê lêng-goân an-choân, kiám-bān khì-hāu piàn-hòa kap keng-chè lī-ek.^[15] Tī kok-chè kong-lūn tiâu-cha tiong, tōa-la̍t chi-chhî thui-kóng thang-chài-seng lêng-goân, pí-lūn thài-iông-lêng kap hong-lêng.^[16]^[17]

Sui-jiân chē-chē thang-chài-seng lêng-goân hāng-bo̍k lóng sī tōa kui-bô͘--ê, m̄-kog thang-chài-seng ki-su̍t mā tī lông-chhun kap pian-oán tē-khu í-ki̍p hoat-tián-tiong kok-ka ha̍h-ēng; tī chia-ê kok-ka, lêng-goân thong-siông tùi jîn-lūi hoat-tián chì-koan tiōng-iàu.^[18] In-ūi tōa to-sò͘ thang-chài-seng lêng-goân ki-su̍t lóng thê-kiong tiān-le̍k, thang-chài-seng lêng-goân pō͘-sú thong-siông hām chìn-chi̍t-pō͘ ê tiān-khì-hòa kiat-ha̍p sú-iōng, che ū chin chē hó-chhù: tiān-le̍k ē-tàng choán-hòa chò kia̍t-lêng (pit-iàu sî sán-seng pí hòa-chio̍h jiân-liāu koh-khah koân ê un-tō͘), ē-sái choán-hòa chò ki-hāi-lêng. Hāu-lu̍t koân, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī sú-iōng ê sî chiâⁿ chheng-khì.^[19]^[20] Lēng-gōa, thang-chài-seng lêng-goân ê tiān-khì-hòa hāu-lu̍t koh-khah koân, só͘-í ē-sái tōa-tōa kàng-kē it-chhù lêng-goân ê su-kiû.^[21]

Chóng-lám

Le̍k-sú

Chú-liû ki-su̍t

Hong-lêng

Chú-le̍k-lêng

Thài-iông-lêng

Tē-jia̍t-lêng

Seng-bu̍t-lêng

Iông-ji̍p lêng-goân hē-thóng

Chhī-tiûⁿ kap kang-gia̍p chhu-sè

Chèng-chhek

Sin-heng ki-su̍t

Cheng-lūn

Thang-chài-seng lêng-goân ê tē-iân chèng-tī

Khoân-kéng éng-hióng

Siá-chin

Chham-oa̍t

Chham-khó

↑ Ellabban, Omar; Abu-Rub, Haitham; Blaabjerg, Frede (2014). "Renewable energy resources: Current status, future prospects and their enabling technology". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 39: 748–764 [749]. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.113.
↑ "Renewables 2010 Global Status Report" (PDF). REN21. September 2010. October 27, 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ REN21, Global Status Report 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
↑ Frankfurt School – UNEP Collaborating Centre for Climate & Sustainable Energy Finance (2018). Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2018. Available online at: https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/unep/documents/global-trends-renewable-energy-investment-2018
↑ IRENA, Renewable energy and jobs, Annual review 2015, IRENA.
↑ "Global renewable energy trends". Deloitte Insights.
↑ "Renewable Energy Now Accounts for a Third of Global Power Capacity". IRENA. 2 April 2019. goân-loē-iông tī 21 April 2019 hőng khó͘-pih. 21 April 2019 khòaⁿ--ê. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Electric cars and cheap solar 'could halt fossil fuel growth by 2020' The Guardian
↑ "Expect the Unexpected : The Disruptive Power of Low-carbon Technology" (PDF). Carbontracker.org. pp. 3, 30.
↑ REN21 (2017). "Renewables global futures report 2017".
↑ Vad Mathiesen, Brian; et al. (2015). "Smart Energy Systems for coherent 100% renewable energy and transport solutions". Applied Energy. 145: 139–154. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.075.
↑ "12 Countries Leading the Way in Renewable Energy". Click Energy. goân-loē-iông tī 2019-01-29 hőng khó͘-pih. 2020-03-12 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Renewable Electricity Capacity And Generation Statistics June 2018". goân-loē-iông tī 28 November 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 27 November 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ "Renewable Electricity Capacity And Generation Statistics June 2018". 3 January 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ International Energy Agency (2012). "Energy Technology Perspectives 2012" (PDF).
↑ "Global Trends in Sustainable Energy Investment 2007: Analysis of Trends and Issues in the Financing of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in OECD and Developing Countries" (PDF). unep.org. United Nations Environment Programme. 2007. p. 3. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 4 March 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 13 October 2014 khòaⁿ--ê. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Sütterlin, B.; Siegrist, Michael (2017). "Public acceptance of renewable energy technologies from an abstract versus concrete perspective and the positive imagery of solar power". Energy Policy. 106.
↑ World Energy Assessment (2001). Renewable energy technologies Archived 9 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine., p. 221.
↑ Armaroli, Nicola; Balzani, Vincenzo (2011). "Towards an electricity-powered world". Energy and Environmental Science. 4 (9): 3193–3222. doi:10.1039/c1ee01249e.
↑ Armaroli, Nicola; Balzani, Vincenzo (2016). "Solar Electricity and Solar Fuels: Status and Perspectives in the Context of the Energy Transition". Chemistry – A European Journal. 22 (1): 32–57. doi:10.1002/chem.201503580. PMID 26584653.
↑ Volker Quaschning, Regenerative Energiesysteme. Technologie – Berechnung – Simulation. 8th. Edition. Hanser (Munich) 2013, p. 49.

[1] Ellabban, Omar; Abu-Rub, Haitham; Blaabjerg, Frede (2014). "Renewable energy resources: Current status, future prospects and their enabling technology". Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 39: 748–764 [749]. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.113.

[ren15-2] "Renewables 2010 Global Status Report" (PDF). REN21. September 2010. October 27, 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.

[3] REN21, Global Status Report 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2016.

[europa.eu-4] Frankfurt School – UNEP Collaborating Centre for Climate & Sustainable Energy Finance (2018). Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2018. Available online at: https://europa.eu/capacity4dev/unep/documents/global-trends-renewable-energy-investment-2018

[5] IRENA, Renewable energy and jobs, Annual review 2015, IRENA.

[6] "Global renewable energy trends". Deloitte Insights.

[7] "Renewable Energy Now Accounts for a Third of Global Power Capacity". IRENA. 2 April 2019. goân-loē-iông tī 21 April 2019 hőng khó͘-pih. 21 April 2019 khòaⁿ--ê. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[8] Electric cars and cheap solar 'could halt fossil fuel growth by 2020' The Guardian

[9] "Expect the Unexpected : The Disruptive Power of Low-carbon Technology" (PDF). Carbontracker.org. pp. 3, 30.

[ren2017-10] REN21 (2017). "Renewables global futures report 2017".

[11] Vad Mathiesen, Brian; et al. (2015). "Smart Energy Systems for coherent 100% renewable energy and transport solutions". Applied Energy. 145: 139–154. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.075.

[12] "12 Countries Leading the Way in Renewable Energy". Click Energy. goân-loē-iông tī 2019-01-29 hőng khó͘-pih. 2020-03-12 khòaⁿ--ê.

[IRENA2018-13] "Renewable Electricity Capacity And Generation Statistics June 2018". goân-loē-iông tī 28 November 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 27 November 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[ieaStatistics-14] "Renewable Electricity Capacity And Generation Statistics June 2018". 3 January 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.

[International_Energy_Agency_2012-15] International Energy Agency (2012). "Energy Technology Perspectives 2012" (PDF).

[UNEP-16] "Global Trends in Sustainable Energy Investment 2007: Analysis of Trends and Issues in the Financing of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in OECD and Developing Countries" (PDF). unep.org. United Nations Environment Programme. 2007. p. 3. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 4 March 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 13 October 2014 khòaⁿ--ê. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[17] Sütterlin, B.; Siegrist, Michael (2017). "Public acceptance of renewable energy technologies from an abstract versus concrete perspective and the positive imagery of solar power". Energy Policy. 106.

[18] World Energy Assessment (2001). Renewable energy technologies Archived 9 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine., p. 221.

[19] Armaroli, Nicola; Balzani, Vincenzo (2011). "Towards an electricity-powered world". Energy and Environmental Science. 4 (9): 3193–3222. doi:10.1039/c1ee01249e.

[20] Armaroli, Nicola; Balzani, Vincenzo (2016). "Solar Electricity and Solar Fuels: Status and Perspectives in the Context of the Energy Transition". Chemistry – A European Journal. 22 (1): 32–57. doi:10.1002/chem.201503580. PMID 26584653.

[21] Volker Quaschning, Regenerative Energiesysteme. Technologie – Berechnung – Simulation. 8th. Edition. Hanser (Munich) 2013, p. 49.

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