"Peng-tó" pán-pún chi-kan bô-kāng--ê tē-hng

|Kok-miâ = Peng-tē/Ai-su-lân-tó Kiōng-hô-kok

'''Peng-tētó Kiōng-hô-kok''' ([[Peng-tētó-gú]]: Lýðveldið Ísland) tī pak [[Tāi-se-iûⁿ]], [[Scot-tē]] (Alba) kap [[Chheⁿ-tēGreenland]] ê tiong-kan. Peng-tētó sī [[Pak-kok]] kî-tiong 1 kok.

Peng-tētó-kok sī siāng [[to͘-chhī-hòa]] ê [[Pak-au]] kok-ka, jîn-kháu chi̍t-pòaⁿ tòa siú-to· [[Reykjavík]].

* [[Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân]]: bô (koàn-sì iōng Peng-tētó-gú)

[[File:Iceland Mid-Atlantic Ridge Fig16.gif|thumb|left|[[Tiong-tāi-se-iûⁿ Liông-chit]] tú-tú keng-kòe Peng-tētó.]]

Peng-tētó tī [[Bí-chiu]] kap [[Euro-A-chiu]] chit 2-tè [[tāi-lio̍k]]-pôaⁿ sio-pōng ê só·-chāi (hō-chò [[Tiong Tāi-se-iûⁿ Liông-chit]], ''Mid-Atlantic Ridge''), tì-tio̍h chhiâng-chāi ū [[hóe-soaⁿ]] tùi hái-té phû--chhut-lâi, án-ne lâi chō chhut bē-chió sin lio̍k-tē. Peng-tētó pún-sin sī kî-tiong siāng-kài tōa--ê. Tó-siōng ê hóe-soaⁿ pêng-kin it~jī-cha̍p-nî po̍k-hoat 1 pái, chhèng--chhut-lâi ê [[hóe-hu]] (''tephra'') u-jiám [[cheng-seⁿ]] chia̍h--ê chháu-á, che le̍k-sú-siōng bat chin chē pái chō-chiâⁿ cheng-seⁿ kap lâng iau-iau--sí. Chē-chē [[un-choâⁿ]] kap phong-phài ê [[tē-hā-sio]] thê-kiong Peng-tētó thiân-jiân ê lêng-goân, m̄-bián chhiūⁿ pa̍t-ūi tio̍h khò [[hòa-chio̍h jiân-liāu]]. Peng-tētó lōe-tē sī [[ko-goân]], oá [[Pak-ke̍k-khoan]], tōa-pō·-hūn thàu-nî-tang khàm 1 têng [[peng-bō]] ([[Eng-gí]]: ''ice cap''). Hô-chhoan ê chúi sam-put-gō·-sî ē e̍k-kîⁿ. Kē-tē só·-chāi in-ūi oá [[México-oan-lîu]] (''Gulf Stream''), [[khì-un]] pí-kàu khah un-hô.

[[File:Bifröst 2004.jpg|thumb|left|Peng-tētó Tāi-ha̍k ê 1-ê hāu-hn̂g, chhiū-á chin chió.]]

Peng-tētó sī Au-chiu kok-ka tang-tiong [[seng-thài]] phò-hāi siāng-kài giâm-tiōng ê 1-ê. Chū khai-sí ū [[Pak-au-lâng]] tiàm hia khiā-khí kàu taⁿ, ē-sái kóng tōa-pō·-hūn ê chāi-tē ê [[chhiū-châng]] kap kî-thaⁿ ê si̍t-bu̍t lóng in-ūi kòe-thâu lī-iōng chôaⁿ-á thòaⁿ bē lo̍h-khì. Koh in-ūi [[khì-hāu]] hân-léng, chháu-châng têng hoat ê sok-tō· te̍k-pia̍t sô. Piáu-bīn ê si̍t-bu̍t it-tàn chheng-tiāu, ē-kha-têng khin, iù, koh sang ê [[hóe-soaⁿ-hu|hóe-hu-thô·]] chin kín tō khì hō· tó-siōng ê kông-hong tōa-hō· piàⁿ-piàⁿ tiāu. Kú-tn̂g sî-kan lia̍p-chek--khí-lâi ê pûi [[thô·-bah]] soah chi̍t-pòaⁿ án-ne lâi liû-sit. Hiān-tāi ê Peng-tētó iû-goân tōa-phiàn bē-su [[soa-bô·]] kāng-khoán. Sui-bóng chèng-hu ū siat 1-ê pō·-mn̂g choan-kang hoa̍t-lo̍h [[chō-nâ]] ê sū-kang, chóng--sī bo̍k-chêng hāu-kó iú-hān.

Kong-goân [[870 nî]] khai-sí ū lâng î-bîn khì kàu Peng-tētó. Tōa-pō·-hūn lâi-chū sai [[Norge]], chió-pō·-hūn sī chá-kî î-bîn khì kàu [[Britain Kûn-tó]] ê [[Viking-lâng]] kap in chhōa--ê [[Celt]] cha-bó·-lâng. [[930 nî]] chó-iū tōa-pō·-hūn sek-ha̍p chèng-choh ê tē í-keng hông chiàm liáu-liáu ah, î-bîn tòe teh chió--khì.

Peng-tētó [[gī-hōe]] tī [[999 nî]] thong-kòe chiap-siū [[Ki-tok-kàu]], thang î-chhî in hām Ki-tok-kàu Norge ê keng-chè koan-hē. Peng-tētó khai-sí hiòng [[Lô-má]] la̍p-sòe. Kàu-hōe phài tāi-lio̍k-chek ê [[chú-kàu]] kàu Peng-tētó.

Tī [[13 sè-kí]] chêng-pòaⁿ, tó-siōng 5-ê thâu-lâng kap in tāi-piáu ê tōa ka-cho̍k sio-tak, pàng-hóe, thâi-sí bē-chió lâng. Peng-tó-lâng chôaⁿ-á tī [[1262]] hit nî iau-chhiáⁿ [[Norge ông]] thóng-tī. Tī [[1397 nî]] Norge, [[Sverige]], [[Danmark]] chit 3-ê Pak-au ông-kok thóng-it tī kāng-1-ê ông ê miâ-gī-hā ([[Kalmar Tông-bêng]]), [[1536 nî]] pun chò Sverige kap Danmark 2 kok (Danmark-pêng pau-koah Norge kap Norge koán-hat ê hái-gōa léng-thó·). 1814 nî liáu-āu Norge kui Sverige, ah Peng-tētó (kap [[Chheⁿ-tē]], [[Mî-iûⁿ Kûn-tó]] (Føroyar)) lâu tī Danmark. [[1874 nî]] Peng-tētó tùi Danmark tit-tio̍h pō·-hūn [[chū-tī-koân]]. [[1944 nî]] oân-choân tùi Danmark to̍k-li̍p--chhut-khì.

Chá-kî ê î-bîn chhì beh tiàm Peng-tētó kiàn-li̍p Pak-au-sek ê keng-chè ki-chhó·. In tòa lâi [[gû]], [[bé]], [[ti]], [[mî-iûⁿ]], kap [[soaⁿ-iûⁿ]] chit 5 chióng tián-hêng ê Au-a-chiu [[cheng-seⁿ]]-á, kî-tiong mî-iûⁿ sò·-liōng siāng chē, ah ti-á kap soaⁿ-iûⁿ in-ūi bô ha̍h tong-tē seng-thài āu--lâi chôaⁿ-á hòng-khì. Lēng-gōa koh ū lia̍h tong-tē ê iá-seng tōng-bu̍t lâi chia̍h, kî-tiong [[hái-chhiūⁿ]] kap [[hái-chiáu]] chin kín tō chia̍h kah [[khu̍t-chéng]]--khì, só·-í āu--lâi [[nn̄g-pe̍h-chit]] chú-iàu tùi [[hî-á]] lâi. Che pau-koah khe-ô· lāi ê [[chun-hî]], 鮭魚, ''char'' (''Salvelinus''-sio̍k), kap iân-hái ê [[soat-hî]] kap ''haddock'' (''Melanogrammus aeglefinus''). Soat-hî kap ''haddock'' te̍k-pia̍t tiōng-iàu: in thê-kiong chia̍h-mi̍h hō· Peng-tētó-lâng ū-hoat-tō· tō·-kòe [[Sió Peng-hô Sî-tāi]], jī-chhiáⁿ sī hiān-tāi Peng-tē-kok ê keng-chè tōng-le̍k.

Peng-tētó ê keng-chè tiōng-sim tī [[Tiong-kó·-sî-tāi]] boán-kî khai-sí choán-hêng khì hái-sán-gia̍p. Hit-tong-sî Au-chiu tāi-lio̍k ê siâⁿ-chhī jîn-kháu tng teh sêng-tióng, che thê-kiong Peng-tētó 1-ê [[goā-siau]] iân-hái [[hî-sán]] ê chhī-tiûⁿ khong-kan. Chú-iàu ê sán-phín sī pha̍k-ta liáu so-iâm ê soat-hî-koaⁿ. Peng-tētó tó-siōng in-ūi bô tōa-châng chhiū thê-kiong chō-chûn ê bo̍k-châi, in tio̍h khò Norge, [[Eng-tēEngland]], [[Tek-kok]], [[Hoat-kok]] kap [[KēO-tē-koklân]] ūn-su sán-phín kàu tāi-lio̍k. Peng-tē kàu-kah [[20 sè-kí]] chho·-kî chiah ū ka-kī ê chûn-tūi. Lia̍h-hî ki-su̍t oân-ná tī hit-tōaⁿ sî-kî tōa-tōa [[hiān-tāi-hòa]]. [[Lông-gia̍p]] chiām-chiām ui--khì, jîn-kháu tòe teh sóa khì to·-chhī tiong-sim. Siâⁿ-chhī ê jîn-kháu tī [[1920 nî-tāi]] thâu-1-pái pí chng-kha chē. Kàu-kah [[1950 nî-tāi]], Peng-tētó ê gōa-siau-phín ū 9-siâⁿ í-siōng sī hái-sán.

Thian-jiân chu-goân chió, [[âng-mo·-thô·]] sī chú-iàu ê chè-phín, iōng tī kiàn-tio̍k, pí chìn-kháu ê [[chhâ]] ke chin ē hô. Peng-tētó [[lêng-goân]] chhiong-chiok, tē-hā-sio kap [[chúi-le̍k hoat-tiān]] iōng liáu ū chhun, bo̍k-chêng ū teh gián-kiù gōa-siau ê khó-hêng-sèng. Khai-hoat chia̍h-tiān kang-gia̍p mā teh khó-lū-tiong.

Tī kòe-khì 10 tang Peng-tētó ū teh khai-hoat [[chè-chō-gia̍p]] kap [[ho̍k-bū-gia̍p]], pau-koah [[chu-sìn kho-ki]], [[seng-bu̍t kho-ki]], [[kim-iông]] ho̍k-bū téng-téng. [[Koan-kong-gia̍p]] phòe-ha̍p [[seng-thài koan-kong]] ê sî-kiâⁿ thê-kiong lâng him-sióng [[hái-ang]] ê ki-hōe.

Peng-tētó bô [[thih-lō·]].

[[Kok-bîn-só·-tek]] pêng-kin 1 lâng pun [[Bí-kim]] 30,900 (2003 nî kó·-kè), pâi tī sè-kài chêng kúi-ūi-á. Kin-kù 2006 nî ê 1 phiⁿ [[OECD]] pò-kò, Peng-tētó ê [[khoan-pîn]] phó·-ki̍p-lu̍t sī 26.7%, sī sè-kài tē 1 ūi ([[Hân-kok]] 25.4%). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4903776.stm]

Peng-tētó tī 1944 nî tùi Danmark to̍k-li̍p, sêng-li̍p [[kiōng-hô-kok]]. Gī-hōe (''Alþingi'') tī [[930 nî]] sêng-li̍p, [[1799 nî]] thêng-chí ūn-chok, [[1844 nî]] iū-koh têng oa̍h-tāng; hit-chūn ê kak-sek sī chò Danmark ông ê kò·-būn-thoân. Hiān-tāi ê ''Alþingi'' ū 63-ê gī-oân.

Peng-tētó bô [[kun-tūi]].

Peng-tētó pun-chò 8 ê tē-khu (''landsvæði''), ē-kha koh pun-chò 26 ê hêng-chèng-khu (éng-kòe pun 23 ê koān, hō-chò ''sýslur''). Lóng-chóng ū 104 ê hiong-tìn.

Peng-tētó pún-té tāi-khài bô tòa lâng, nā ū mā ke̍k-ke kúi-ê-á [[Éire]]-lâng tòa tī hia (bo̍k-chêng pēng-bô khó-kó· chèng-kì).

Peng-tētó chêng-kah-taⁿ î-bîn iú-hān, jîn-kháu chha-put-to lóng-sī chá-kî Skandinavia î-bîn ê hiō-tāi. Chit-ê te̍k-sek piáu-sī Peng-tētó jîn-kháu te̍k-pia̍t sek-ha̍p chò [[ûi-thoân-ha̍k]] hong-bīn ê gián-kiù.

Peng-tētó-lâng tī kòe-khì chheng-gōa-nî oa̍h tī 1-ê pháiⁿ seng-chûn ê khoân-kéng tang-tiong. In āu--lâi o̍h ē-hiáu tiâu-chéng chó·-tē ê keng-chè bô·-sek thang sek-èng Peng-tētó ê thiau-chiàn. Che chō-chiâⁿ tó-bîn thāi-tō· khim-hióng [[pó-siú]], bô gōan-ì mā kám-kak bô pún-chîⁿ thang chhìn-chhái si̍t-giām, bō·-hiám.

Bat-jī-lu̍t 99.9%. Chhut-pán ê gia̍h nā chiàu jîn-kháu pí-lē lâi phēng, tī choân sè-kài sī pâi thâu-chêng-ūi. Peng-tētó-gú pó-chûn kó·-chá [[Kó· Norse-oē]] ê te̍k-sek. Hiān-tāi ê Peng-tētó-lâng (kap Føroyar-lâng) iáu tha̍k ū bat chheng-nî-chêng ê Kó· Norse bûn-hiàn. Norge-lâng tō bô chit-ê châi-tiāu. In ê [[sú-si]] (''saga'') kì-chài 12 sè-kí ê Norge kap Peng-tētó le̍k-sú. Siāng ū miâ-siaⁿ ê hiān-tāi chok-ka sī [[Halldor Kiljan Laxness]] chit-ūi [[Nobel Bûn-ha̍k Chióng]] ê tit-chióng-jîn.

Peng-tētó mā pó-chûn [[Skandinavia]] í-chá ê [[hō-miâ hē-thóng]]. Tōa-pō·-hūn lâng bô [[sèⁿ]]. Kí 1-ê lē: ū 1-ê chhut-miâ ê cha-bó· [[koa-chheⁿ]] hō-chò [[Björk|Björk Guðmundsdóttir]]. ''Björk'' sī i kò-jîn ê miâ, tān-sī ''Guðmundsdóttir'' m̄ sī i ê sèⁿ. He ì-sù sī "Guðmundur ê cha-bó·-kiáⁿ", ah Guðmundur sī lāu-pē kò-jîn ê miâ. Siat-sú Björk ū hiaⁿ-tī, in ê miâ āu-piah tiāⁿ-tio̍h-sī ''Guðmundurson'' ("Guðmundur ê cha-po·-kiáⁿ"). Só·-í Peng-tētó-lâng thong-siông kiò lâng ê kò-jîn miâ, tī chèng-sek ê tiûⁿ-bīn (chhin-chhiūⁿ kok-hōe-thiaⁿ) oân-ná sī án-ne. Hoat-lu̍t kui-tēng tio̍h iōng chit-ê hē-thóng; î-it ê lē-gōa sī [[1913 nî]] chìn-chêng tō ū hō sèⁿ ê hit-kóa lâng kap in ê hiō-tāi. Cha-bó·-lâng kiat-hun liáu-āu it-poaⁿ kè-siok iōng pún-miâ.

* [http://iceland.is/ Peng-tētó ê koaⁿ-hong ji̍p-kháu]

[[Category:Peng-tētó]]