2009-nî 7-goe̍h 12-ji̍t (lé-pài) 10:46 ê siu-tēng-pún siu-kái MelancholieBot（thó-lūn \| kòng-hiàn） Ke-khì-lâng 8,048筆編輯 ~ roboto aldono de: uz:Po`lat ← Chìn-chêng kái--ê		2009-nî 7-goe̍h 16-ji̍t (pài-sì) 20:10 ê siu-tēng-pún siu-kái chhú-siau Xqbot（thó-lūn \| kòng-hiàn） 32,762筆編輯 ~ robot Adding: ug:پولات; cosmetic changes Sin kái--ê →
Tē 1 chōa: [[~~Image~~File:Rolled coils in Tornio Sep2008.jpg\|thumb\|260px\|Kǹg-pán, chi̍t-khóan kǹg-thih sán-phín.]] '''Kǹg-thih''' sī lī-iōng [[thih]] (Fe) chham chió-liōng ê [[C (goân-sò͘)\|thòaⁿ]] (C) só͘ liān-chè chhut-lâi ê [[ha̍p-kim]]. I-kù su-kiû, [[Mn (goân-sò͘)\|béng]] (Mn), [[Cr (goân-sò͘)\|koh]] (Cr), [[W (goân-sò͘)\|o͘ ]] (W) chham [[V (goân-sò͘)\|hōan]] (V) téng-téng ê [[goân-sò]] mā-sī kǹg-thih ê gôan-liāu. Liān-chè kǹg-thih ê kòe-têng hō-chòe [[liān-kǹg]], sī siōng ki-pún ê [[chè-chō-gia̍p]] chi-it. == Tēng-gī == [[~~Image~~File:Phase diag iron carbon.PNG\|thumb\|260px\|Fe-C ha̍p-kim ê chōng-thài piàn-hòa.]] Tī [[kim-sio̍k-ha̍k]] ê [[tēng-gī]] lāi-bīn, "kǹg" sī thòaⁿ (C) hâm-liōng 0.0218% kàu 2.14% ([[chit-liōng]] ê %) chi-kan ê Fe-C jī-gôan ha̍p-kim. Nā-sī chhiau-kòe 2.14% hō-chòe [[chù-thih]] (鑄鐵); bōe-móa 0.0218% ê hō-chòe [[thih]]. == Gôan-lí == Thòaⁿ [[gôan-chú]] ē kau-chham ji̍p-khì thih ē kim-sio̍k chiⁿ-thé lāi-bīn, kái-piàn thih gôan-chú ê pâi-lia̍t hong-sek. Liān-chè [[un-tō͘]] ê ko-te piàn-hòa, chham thòaⁿ ê pi-lē, ē éng-hióng kǹg-thih ê sèng-chit. == Le̍k-sú == Kó͘-chá sî-tāi chiū-ū kǹg-thih, tī [[Tang-hui]] ū hoat-hiān [[kong-gôan-chêng]] 1400 nî ê kǹg.<ref>[http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CIVAFRCA/IRONAGE.HTM Civilizations in Africa: The Iron Age South of the Sahara]</ref>. Tī [[Kó͘-lô-má]], chham [[Tiong-kok]] ê [[Chiàn-kok Sî-tāi]] mā-ū.<ref>Wagner, Donald B. (1993). ''Iron and Steel in Ancient China: Second Impression, With Corrections''. Leiden: E.J. Brill. ISBN ~~9004096329~~90-04-09632-9. Page 243.</ref> Tī [[Ìn-tō͘ ]] , tāi-iok kong-gôan-chêng 300 nî chiū-ū kǹg-thih, jî-chhiáⁿ chè-chō ki-su̍t tī [[5-sè-kí]] thôan-kàu Tiong-kok.<ref name="needham volume 4 part 1 282">Needham, Volume 4, Part 1, 282.</ref> Tiong-kok tī [[11-sè-kí]] ê [[Sòng-tiâu]], í-keng ū hoat-bêng chiap-kīn hiān-tāi ê nn̄g-khóan liān-kǹg ki-su̍t.<ref> Robert Hartwell, 'Markets, Technology and the Structure of Enterprise in the Development of the Eleventh Century Chinese Iron and Steel Industry' ''Journal of Economic History'' 26 (1966). pp. 53-54 </ref> == Sán-gia̍p == [[~~Image~~File:Letecky2.jpg\|thumb\|260px\|[[Chhiesko]] ê [[Třinec Kǹg-thih Kong-si]]. ]] Kǹg-thih sī chin-chōe sán-gia̍p ê gôan-liāu, ē éng-hióng kui-ê [[keng-chè]] ê hoat-tián, in-chhú, kǹg-thih ê chè-chō sī tiōng-iàu ê keng-chè chí-piau. Kun-kù [[2006 nî]] ê chu-liāu, thong-sè-kài kǹg-thih sán-liōng siāng-chē ê kok-ka sī [[Tiong-kok]], koh-lâi sī [[Ji̍t-pún]].<ref>International Iron and Steel Institute (2006). [http://www.worldsteel.org/pictures/publicationfiles/WSIF06_Final.pdf''"World Steel in figures"''], abgerufen am 14. Januar 2006 (PDF, englisch)</ref> Sán-liōng tē-it ê kong-si sī [[ArcelorMittal]]. == Hun-lūi == === Sêng-hun hun-lūi === Thòaⁿ-kǹg Kē-thòaⁿ-kǹg Tē 31 chōa: Ko-ha̍p-kim-kǹg === Hêng-chōng hun-lūi === Khúi-tiâu (軌條) Hêng-kǹg (形鋼) Tē 40 chōa: Kǹg-kóng (鋼管) == Chham-khó chu-liāu == {{reflist}} == Ia̍h khòaⁿ-māi == *[[Stainless kǹg]] Tē 113 chōa: [[th:เหล็กกล้า]] [[tr:Çelik]] [[ug:پولات]] [[uk:Сталь]] [[ur:فولاد]]

"Kǹg-thih" pán-pún chi-kan bô-kāng--ê tē-hng