"Lietuva" pán-pún chi-kan bô-kāng--ê tē-hng

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無編輯摘要
無編輯摘要
Tē 31 chōa:
| ethnic_groups_year = 2015<ref name="stat-ethn">{{cite web |url=http://alkas.lt/2015/12/16/a-butkus-lietuvos-gyventojai-tautybes-poziuriu/ |title=Lietuvos gyventojų tautinė sudėtis 2014–2015 m. |publisher=Alkas.lt }}</ref>
| demonym = [[Lietuva-lâng]]
| government_type = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[semi-presidential]] [[republic]]<ref name="Lina">{{cite book |author=Lina Kulikauskienė|date=2002 |title=Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija |trans-title=The Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania |url= |language=lt |location= |publisher=Native History, CD. |isbn=9986-9216-7-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Ernst Veser |title=Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's Concept — A New Political System Model |url=http://www.rchss.sinica.edu.tw/publication/ebook/journal/11-01-1999/11_1_2.pdf |access-date=20 August 2016 |date=23 September 1997 |publisher=Department of Education, School of Education, [[University of Cologne]] |location= |language=Englishen, Chinesezh |pages=39–60 |quote=Duhamel has developed the approach further: He stresses that the French construction does not correspond to either parliamentary or the presidential form of government, and then develops the distinction of 'système politique' and 'régime constitutionnel'. While the former comprises the exercise of power that results from the dominant institutional practice, the latter is the totality of the rules for the dominant institutional practice of the power. In this way, France appears as 'presidentialist system' endowed with a 'semi-presidential regime' (1983: 587). By this standard he recognizes Duverger's ''pléiade'' as semi-presidential regimes, as well as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and '''Lithuania''' (1993: 87). }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Matthew Shugart Søberg |author-link=Matthew Søberg Shugart |date=September 2005 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns |url=http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf |dead-url= |journal=Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies |location=United States |publisher=University of California, San Diego |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819200307/http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2008 |access-date=20 August 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Matthew Søberg Shugart |author-link=Matthew Søberg Shugart |date=December 2005 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns |journal=French Politics |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=323–351 |doi=10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087 |quote= A pattern similar to the French case of compatible majorities alternating with periods of cohabitation emerged in Lithuania, where Talat-Kelpsa (2001) notes that the ability of the Lithuanian president to influence government formation and policy declined abruptly when he lost the sympathetic majority in parliament. }}</ref>
| leader_title1 = chóng-thóng
| leader_name1 = [[Dalia Grybauskaitė]]