"Giân-gí-tek tńg-oat" pán-pún chi-kan bô-kāng--ê tē-hng

Tong-sî goân-lâi sī chi̍t tīn kái-kek-chiá, [[Moritz Schlick]], [[Rudolf Carnap]], kap chá-kî ê [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]], siūⁿ beh chhōe chhut lí-sióng giân-gí ê ki-chhó͘. Chia só͘ kóng lí-sióng ê giân-gí, tī lí-lūn-siōng in ê kì-lio̍k-sèng iōng-gí ē-tàng tī iáu bô tēng-gî ê chêng-hêng hā, chiū ti̍t-chiap chí-miâ chhut bó͘ khoán mi̍h-kiāⁿ. Hia ha̍k-chiá ê chhì-giām tétè-bé chhut-pán tī ''[[Tiat-ha̍k Tiâu-cha]]'' (''Philosophische Untersuchungen'') lāi-bīn. In chit khoán ê kè-ōe sī sit-pāi--ê; chóng-sī in tián-hiān liáu tī kok khoán siā-hōe hun-sek lāi-bīn giân-gí kap hû-hô hē-thóng ê ho̍k-cha̍p têng-thō͘.

Pún ūn-tōng tétè-bé ín-chhōa chhut [[J. L. Austin]] kap [[John Searle]] tùi kóng-ōe hêng-tōng ê lí-lūn, ia̍h tio̍h sī [[Jürgen Habermas]] kau-thong lí-lūn ê ki-chhó͘. Chē khoán ê siā-hōe kho-ha̍k hun-iá lóng siū tio̍h éng-hióng.