Koaⁿ-gâm (肝癌) sī hoat-seng tī koaⁿ-chōng ia̍h-sī ùi koaⁿ-chōng khai-sí ê ok-sèng chéng-liû.

Liver cancer
Other names Hepatic cancer, primary hepatic malignancy, primary liver cancer
CT scan of a liver with cholangiocarcinoma
Specialty Gastroenterology Hepatology Oncology
Symptoms Lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage, swelling of the abdomen, yellowish skin, easy bruising, weight loss, weakness[1]
Usual onset 55 to 65 years old[2]
Causes hepatitis B, hepatitis C, alcoholism, aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver flukes[3][4]
Diagnostic method Blood tests, medical imaging, tissue biopsy[1]
Prevention Immunization against hepatitis B, treating those infected with hepatitis B or C,[3] decreasing exposure to aflatoxin, decreasing high levels of alcohol consumption
Treatment Surgery, targeted therapy, radiation therapy[1]
Prognosis Five-year survival rates ~18% (US);[2] 40% (Japan)[5]
Frequency 618,700 (point in time in 2015)[6]
Deaths 782,000 (2018)[7]
Koaⁿ-gâm kái-phò͘
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī NIH2016
  2. 2.0 2.1 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī SEER2016
  3. 3.0 3.1 Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī WCR2014Liver
  4. Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī GBD2013
  5. "がん診療連携拠点病院等院内がん登録生存率集計:[国立がん研究センター がん登録・統計]". ganjoho.jp. 2 February 2020 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  6. Vos, Theo; et al. (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577Freely accessible. PMID 27733282. 
  7. Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī Bray2018