To bo̍k-piau tiông-hoán tāi-khì-chân chài-kū

To bo̍k-piau tiông-huán tāi-khì-tsân tsài-kū (ing-gú: multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV)) sī tsi̍t-tsióng tāi-kh-tsân guā tān-tō tō-tān ū-hāu hū-tsài, pau-kuat to-ê tān-tiôu, ta̍k ê tān-tiôu lóng ē-tàng siòng-tsún bô kāng-khuán ê bo̍k-piau. Tsit-ê kài-liām kiōng-beh tsóng--sī kah tsah hi̍k-tān-thiô ê tsiu-tsè tān-tō tō-tān sio kuan-liân, nā-tsún bô giâm-keh hān-tsè in. Sio-pí tsi-hā, tan-it tān-thiô sī tan-ê tō-tān tíng-kuân ê tan-ê tān-thiô. Tiong-kan tsîng-hóng sī to-tshù tsài-ji̍p hui-hîng-khì (MRV) tō-tān, i tsah tsiânn-tsē ê tān-thiû; tsia--ê tān-thiû sī hun-suànn ê m̄-kuh m̄ sī tan-to̍k biâu-tsún ê, bo̍k-tsiân khak-jīn pōo-sú MIRV tō-tān hē-thóng ê kan-na ū bí-kok, ing-kok, huat-kok, gô-lô-su. Tiong-kok,kah ìn-tōo. Pakistan tng-teh khai-huat MIRV tō-tān hē-thóng. Israel hông huâi-gî ióng-iú hi̍k-tsiá tng-teh gián-tsè MIRV.

Tē 1 ê tsin-tsiànn ê MIRV siat-kè sī Minuteman III, tī 1968-nî siú-tshù sîng-kong tshik-tshì pīngkoh tī 1970-nî tâu-ji̍p si̍t-tsè sú-iōng.^[2]^[3]^[4] Bîn-ping III tsng-ū sann-ê khah sè ê W62 tān-thiô, ta̍k ê tān-thiô tāi-iok 170 tùn TNT (710 TJ), í-lâi tāi-thè tsit-khuán tān-thiô tsá-kî pán-pún tang-tiong sú-iōng ê tān-ê 1.2 tiāu tùn TNT (5.0 PJ) W56. Uì 1970-nî kàu 1975-nî, Bí-kok uì tsiàn-lio̍k khong-kun su-līng-pōo (SAC) bú-khì-khòo lāi-té î-tû tāi-iok 550 ê tsá-kî pán-pún ê bîn-ping tsiu-tsè tān-tō tō-tān; pīng-tshiánn iōng phuè-pī MIRV ū-hāu tsài-hô ê sin-hîng bîn-ping III lâi tshú-tāi, tsū-án-ne the̍h-ko in-ê tsíng-thé hāu-lîng.^[3] Tān-thiô ê khah sè ê kong-lu̍t thong-kuè the̍h-ko hē-thóng ê tsing-tōo lâi té-siau; hōo i-ê ē-tàng kong-kik koh-khah tuā, tsing-tōo khah kē ê W56 kāng-khuán ê ngē bo̍k-piau. MMIII tsuan-mn̂g iōng teh kái-kuat teh Mokva sì-khoo liàn-tńg kiàn-tsō huán tān-tō tō-tān (ABM) hē-thóng ê būn-tê; MIRV tì-sú Bí-kok ē-sái teh bô tsing-ka i-ê tō-tō-tān kàm-tuī kui-bôo ê tsîng-hóng hā ah-tó jīm-hô ē-tàng siūnn-sióng ê huán-tō hē-thóng. Tsò-uî huê-ìng, soo-liân teh in-ê R-36 siat-kè tang-tiong tsing-ka MIRV, siōng-thâu-á sī tī 1975-nî phuè-pī 3-ê tān-thiô, tsue-tsiong teh āu--lâi ê pán-pún tang-tiong tsing-ka kàu 10-ê. Sui-jiân Bí-kok tī 2014-nî suî-ê thîng-tsí sú-iōng MIRV í tsun-siú sin-ê START [en],^[5] Gôlôsu kè-sio̍k sú-iōng tsit-ê ki-su̍t khai-huat sin-ê tō-tān siat-kè.^[6]

MIRV ê ín-ji̍p tì-sú tsiàn-lio̍k pîng-hîng ê tiōng-tāi piàn-huà. Í-tsîng, ta̍k-muî tō-tān ū tsi̍t-lia̍p tān-tiôu, siūnn-sióng ē-tàng kiàn-li̍p tsi̍t-ê hông-gū hē-thóng, sú-iōng tō-tān kong-kik tan-ê tān-tiôu. Ti̍k-jîn tō-tān kàm-tuī ê jīm-hô tsing-ka lóng ē-tàng thong-kuè lân-tsia̍t-khì ê luī-sū tsing-ka lâi té-siau tí-siau. Tuì tio̍h MIRV, tsi̍t muî sin-ê ti̍k-hong tō-tān ì-bī tio̍h pit-su kiàn-tsō tsiânn-tsē ê lân-tsiat-khì; tse piáu-sī tsing-ka kong-kik pí hông-gū ū khah sio̍k tsiânn-tsē. Tsit tsióng sîng-pún kau-uānn pí-lu̍t giâm-tiōng phian-hiòng kong-kik-tsiá; tì-sú hōo-siong khak-pó huí-bia̍t ê kài-liām tsiânn-tsò tsiàn-lio̍k kui-uē tiong ê tsú-tō kài-liām. ABM hē-thóng tī 1972-nî ê "huán tān-tō tō-tān tiâu-iok" tang-tiong siū-tio̍h giâm-keh hān-tsè, tio̍h-lai pī-bián tuā kui-bôo kun-pī kìng-sài.

Tsù-kái

↑ Parsch, Andreas. "UGM-133". Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles. goân-loē-iông tī 2011-03-15 hőng khó͘-pih. 2014-06-13 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Military says Minuteman missiles ready". Lewiston Morning Tribune. (Idaho). Associated Press. July 20, 1970. p. 1.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Polmar, Norman; Norris, Robert S. (2009-07-01). The U.S. Nuclear Arsenal: A History of Weapons and Delivery Systems since 1945 (ēng Eng-gí) (1st pán.). Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1557506818. LCCN 2008054725. OCLC 602923650. OL 22843826M.
↑ "The Minuteman III ICBM". goân-loē-iông tī 2019-01-18 hőng khó͘-pih. 2017-09-17 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Last Malmstrom ICBM reconfigured under treaty". Great Falls Tribune (ēng Eng-gí). 2018-09-08 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Putin has touted an 'invincible' nuclear weapon that really exists — here's how it works and why it deeply worries experts". Business Insider. goân-loē-iông tī 2018-09-08 hőng khó͘-pih. 2018-09-08 khòaⁿ--ê.

Tsham-ua̍t

Comparison of ICBMs

Guā-pōo liân-kiat

Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: MIRV

"MIRV: A BRIEF HISTORY OF MINUTEMAN and MULTIPLE REENTRY VEHICLES" by Daniel Buchonnet, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, February 1976.
Operation 1964
The Defense of the United States, 1981 CBS Five-Part TV Series Archived 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine. from Google Video

[Lockheed_Martin_UGM-133_Trident_II-1] Parsch, Andreas. "UGM-133". Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles. goân-loē-iông tī 2011-03-15 hőng khó͘-pih. 2014-06-13 khòaⁿ--ê.

[lmtapmilm-2] "Military says Minuteman missiles ready". Lewiston Morning Tribune. (Idaho). Associated Press. July 20, 1970. p. 1.

[:0-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Polmar, Norman; Norris, Robert S. (2009-07-01). The U.S. Nuclear Arsenal: A History of Weapons and Delivery Systems since 1945 (ēng Eng-gí) (1st pán.). Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1557506818. LCCN 2008054725. OCLC 602923650. OL 22843826M.

[4] "The Minuteman III ICBM". goân-loē-iông tī 2019-01-18 hőng khó͘-pih. 2017-09-17 khòaⁿ--ê.

[5] "Last Malmstrom ICBM reconfigured under treaty". Great Falls Tribune (ēng Eng-gí). 2018-09-08 khòaⁿ--ê.

[6] "Putin has touted an 'invincible' nuclear weapon that really exists — here's how it works and why it deeply worries experts". Business Insider. goân-loē-iông tī 2018-09-08 hőng khó͘-pih. 2018-09-08 khòaⁿ--ê.

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