Actus reus

Actus reus (latin-gú: Actus reus (/ˈæktəs ˈreɪəs/), huān-tsuē hîng-uî, hi̍k-tsiá kiò-tsò guî-hāi hîng-uî; hàn-gú: 犯罪行為, 危害行為), ū-tang-sî-á kiò-tsò huān-tsuē ê guā-pōo in-sòo hi̍k-tsiá khik-kuan in-sòo, sī huat-lu̍t latin-gú tang-tiong "ū-tsuē hîng-uî" (guilty act) ê su̍t-gú, tng-teh hông tsìng-bîng tshiau-tshut ha̍p-lí huâi-gî kah mens rea "ū-tsuē sim-lí" (guilty mind)) sio kiat-ha̍p, teh England and Wales, Canada, Australia, India, Kenya, Pakistan, Philippines, South Africa, New Zealand, Scotland, Nigeria, Ghana, Ireland, Israel kap Bí-kok tíng-tíng kok-ka in khiā tī ing-bí huat tíng-kuân ê hîng-huat su-huat kuán-hat khu sóo sán-sing ê hîng-sū tsik-jīm. Teh Bí-kok, ū tsi̍t-kuá-á huān-tsuē iah-koh su-iàu iah-koh su-iàu tsìng-bîng hù-tuah tsîng-hóng kap/hi̍k-tsiá ti̍t-tsiap iû actus reus ín-khí ê sóo su-iàu kiat-kó ê tsìng-bîng.

Tīng-gī

Teh Ing-kok huat tang-tiong ê actus reus hām mens rea tsit nn̄g-ê su̍t-gú guân-tsū Edward Coke sóo tshián-su̍t ê guân-tsik, tsik sī actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea^[1] ("tû-hui (in) ê su-sióng mā sī ū-tsuē, nā-bô hîng-uî sī bē-tàng hōo lâng ū tsuē); in-tshú, ū-tsuē ê it-puann tshik-tshì sī su-iàu tsìng-bîng su-sióng (mens rea) hām hîng-tōng (actus reus) kiat-ha̍p ê sî-tsūn sán-sing tsi kuè-tshò, ū-tsuē hi̍k-tsiá khó tsik-pī ê tsìng-kì.

Uī-tio̍h si̍t-si phuà-tsām "actus reus", pit-su ū tsi̍t-ê hîng-uî hi̍k-tsiá hîng-tōng. Kok-tsióng ing-bí huat tuì hîng-uî ê tīng-gī bô kâng; m̄-koh it-puann lâi-kóng, hîng-tōng (action) hi̍k-tsiá hîng-tōng (act) sī "tsū-guān hi̍k-tsiá hui tsū-guān ê tsi-thé ūn-tōng".^[2] Teh Robinson sòo California àn (Robinson v. California, 370 U.S. 660 (1962)) tang-tiong, Bí-kok tsuè-ko huat-īnn tshâi-tīng California tsiu ê tsi̍t-hāng li̍p-huat kóng tsia̍h-to̍k tsiá uî-huat tse tian-to sī uî-hiàn ê; in-uī tsia̍h-to̍k tsiá ê sin-hūn pún-sin pīng m̄ sī tsi̍t-tsióng hîng-uî; in-tshú mā m̄ sī huān-tsuē hîng-uî. Phîng-lūn guân Dennis Baker án-ne tuàn-giân:

Tsù-kái

↑ Coke, chapter 1, folio 10
↑ Model Penal Code § 1.13(2)

Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn

Coke, Edward (1797). Institutes, Part III.
Dubber, Markus D. (2002). Criminal Law: Model Penal Code. Foundation Press. ISBN 1-58778-178-6.
Volker Helmert: Der Straftatbegriff in Europa. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2011, B. Der Straftatbegriff in England, S. 93–100.

Tsham-ua̍t

Common law
Rei vindicatio
Robinson v. California
Tatbestand (kòo-sîng iàu-kiānn/構成要件)

Guā-pōo liân-kiat

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Theories of Criminal Law

[1] Coke, chapter 1, folio 10

[2] Model Penal Code § 1.13(2)

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