Iōng-chiá:Renamed user e956b09090b6669f530ac62030e6dc8ef6a28943/Hōn-njí lài-màau-jùng-njí lìt-bíu
Màn-hàu-njí (問候語)
siu-kái- “您貴姓？”
- "Ní gwāi-slīng?"/“你貴姓？”
- "What is your family name (surname)?"
- “敢問小姐芳齡？”
- "Gáam màn slíu-zé fong-lìng?"/“敢問小姐芳齡？”
- "May I dare to ask for this Miss's age (of fragrance and beauty)?"
Lái-màau jùng-cì (禮貌用詞)
siu-kái| Jìt-ping | Fàan-tái-zì | Sòeng-gú -hōn-njí[1] |
Gáan-tái-zì | Pinyin | Zì-mìn ī-sli | Jùng-fāat sòeng gō ī-sli | Slīng-bìt | Lái-zí | Bì-zì |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zòi-hàa | 在下 | *dzˤəʔgˤraʔ | 在下 | zàixià | Jáu 1 zēk njàn cói nī hàa-dai | Ngó | Nàam | Gú-dòi lau jìn-dòi du sái. | Slak-sì jùng cói Jìn-dòi-hōn-njí lí-tàu.
Cói gú-dòi jàu sái 下走. |
| Bún-njàn | 本人 | *pˤənʔniŋ | 本人 | běnrén | Gō āh njàn | Ngó | Zung-slīng | Gú-dòi lau jìn-dòi du sái. | Máu ah-dìng zōk-wài bi-cing, Máu-gwō slat-sì gī bí "ngó" gāang-gaa lái-màau. |
| Njàn-gaa | 人家 | niŋkˤra | 人家 | rénjiā | Kì-taa njàn | Ngó | Zung-slīng | Gú-dòi lau jìn-dòi du sái. | Làn-làn ngàai slāi-láu-go sái, wàak-zé ní-slīng zong-dé gō si-àu sái. |
| Láu-cu | 老粗 | 老粗 | lǎocū | Mō màn-fāa gō láu-zái | Ngó | Zung-slīng | Gú-dòi lau jìn-dòi du sái. | 老~ (Láu) hài 1 zēk cùng-fuk sái-jùng ō cìn-zūi. Cing caam-zīu “大老粗”，“大老粗兒”，“老粗兒” | |
| Jì | 愚 | 愚 | yú | Bàn (gō njàn) | Ngó | Nàam | Gú-dòi | 愚~ jàu hài 1 zēk bi-cing ō cìn-zūi: 愚兄 (Ní gō gò-go/pàng-jáu), 愚见 (Ngó gō jī-gīn)
Jàu sái 蒙. | |
| Bí-njàn | 鄙人 | *prəʔniŋ | 鄙人 | bǐrén | Mō màn-fāa gō njàn | Ngó | Nàam | Classical | 鄙~ jàu hài 1 zēk bi-cing ō cìn-zūi: 鄙意 (Ngó gō jī-sli), 鄙见 (Ngó gō gīn-gáai) |
| 敝人 | *bet-sniŋ | 敝人 | bìrén | This unkempt/ragged one | I, me | Male | Classical | 敝~ is also a humble prefix: 敝校 (this school), 敝公司 (this company), 敝处 (this home/place) | |
| 卑下 | *pegˤraʔ | 卑下 | bēixià | This inferior one | I, me | Male | Classical | ||
| 竊 | *tsʰˤet | 窃 | qiè | This humble one | I, me | Male | Classical | Employed by one in lower position when providing a suggestion or opinion: 窃以为 (I think)
Also “窃闻”, “窃思” | |
| 僕(人) | *bˤok | 仆(人) | pú (rén) | This servant | I, me | Male | Classical | Literally, "charioteer"[1] | |
| 婢(女) | *beʔ | 婢(女) | bì (nǚ) | This servant | I, me | Female | Classical | ||
| 妾(身） | *tsʰap | 妾(身） | qiè (shēn) | This consort | I, me | Female | Classical | ||
| 賤妾 | *dzen-stsʰap | 贱妾 | jiànqiè | This worthless consort | I, me | Female | Classical | ||
| 小人 | *sewʔniŋ | 小人 | xiǎorén | This little man | I, me | Male | Classical | 小~ (Lit. small, insignificant) is a recurring humble prefix. | |
| 小女(子) | *sewʔnraʔ | 小女(子) | xiǎonǚ(zǐ) | This little woman | I, me | Female | Classical | 小~ (Lit. small, insignificant) is a recurring humble prefix. | |
| 草民 | *tsʰˤuʔmiŋ | 草民 | cǎomín | This worthless commoner | I, me | Male | Classical | ||
| 民女 | *miŋnraʔ | 民女 | mínnǚ | This common woman | I, me | Female | Classical | ||
| 奴才 | *nˤadzˤə | 奴才 | núcai | This slave | I, me | Male | Classical | Also used by servants and even low-level officials who are not literally slaves, especially in later dynasties. | |
| 奴婢 | *nˤabeʔ | 奴婢 | núbì | This slave | I, me | Female | Classical | Also used by servants who are not literally slaves, especially in later dynasties.
奴 and 婢 were sometimes used alone for the same meaning. | |
| 奴家 | *nˤakˤra | 奴家 | nújiā | This slave of yours | I, me | Female | Classical | Can be used with strangers by a woman to show humbleness. |
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Baxter, Wm. H. & Sagart, Laurent. Baxter–Sagart Old Chinese Reconstruction Archived September 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.. 2011. Accessed 21 August 2013.