Sèⁿ-miā-thé

Sèⁿ-miā-thé (性命體; Eng-gí: organism; Tek-gí: Lebewesen) ia̍h ū seng-bu̍t (生物), oa̍h-mi̍h (活物), seng-bu̍t-thé (生物體) téng kóng-hoat, sī ū sèⁿ-miā ê kò-thé. Tī-leh seng-bu̍t-ha̍k kap seng-thài-ha̍k tang-tiong, sèⁿ-miā-thé sī hō͘-siāng éng-hióng ê sêng-hūn kò͘-sêng ê 1 chióng siong-tùi ún-tēng ê hē-thóng, ē piáu-hiān te̍k-sû ê kong-lêng kap sèⁿ-miā te̍k-sek ê 1 ê chéng-thé. Sèⁿ-miā-thé siōng tiōng-iàu ê te̍k-sek tō sī sin-tîn-tāi-siā, thang hun ha̍p-sêng tāi-siā kap hun-kái tāi-siā.

Sèⁿ-miā ê khí-gôan kap seng-bu̍t hun-lūi it-ti̍t ū cheng-gī. It-poaⁿ-te̍k, seng-bu̍t hun-chò 2 tōa lūi: gôan-he̍k-seng-bu̍t kap chin-he̍k-seng-bu̍t. Gôan-he̍k-seng-bu̍t koh hun-chò 2 ê: sè-khún-he̍k (Domain Bacteria) kap kó͘-sè-khún-he̍k (Domain Archaea), chit 2 chióng tiong-kan chha chin chē, chìn-hòa-sú ê gián-kiù kaù taⁿ iáu boē chhoē tio̍h in tiong-kan ê liân-hê. Chin-he̍k-seng-bu̍t ê 2 ê sè-pau-khì: ia̍p-le̍k-thé kap soàⁿ-lia̍p-thé, hoān-sè sī ùi lōe-seng-sè-khún (endosymbiotic bacteria) ián-hòa lâi ê.

Sè-pau chhiau-koè 1 ê ê seng-bu̍t kiò chò to-sè-pau seng-bu̍t.

Kong-ke ê te̍k-sek

Toā-pō͘-hūn ê seng-bu̍t kong-ke ê te̍k-sek ū:

ē tín-tāng
ē chia̍h-si̍t
ē chhoán-khùi
ē toā-hàn
ē seⁿ-thoàⁿ
tùi chhì-khek ū hoán-èng

Chiah-ê te̍k-sek m̄-sī choân-pō͘ ê seng-bu̍t lóng ū, chhiūⁿ-kóng kúi-nā chióng seng-bu̍t ka-tī bē tín-tāng (sui-bóng si̍t-bu̍t ê seng-tióng ē-sái khòaⁿ chò 1 chióng tín-tāng), iah sī bē ti̍t-chiap tùi khoân-kéng ê piàn-hoà sán-seng hoán-èng. Bî-seng-bu̍t, pí-lūn-kóng sè-khún, tō bē chhoán-khùi. Lēng-gōa, ū chin chē chióng seng-bu̍t ê kò-thé bē seⁿ-thoàⁿ, m̄-koh in hit ê bu̍t-chéng ē-tàng.

Pēⁿ-to̍k

Pēⁿ-to̍k ka-tī bē-tàng seⁿ-thoàⁿ kap sin-tîn-tāi-siā; lán thong-siông bô kā tòng-chò seng-bu̍t. Put-jī-kò, chiàu Bí-kok Hoat-tián (United States Code) ê seng-bu̍t bú-khì siong-koan loē-iông, pēⁿ-to̍k mā sǹg-chò bî-seng-bu̍t. Kúi-nā chióng kià-seng-tōng-bu̍t kap lōe-kiōng-seng-thé (endosymbionts) ka-tī mā bô châi-tiāu seng-chûn. Pēⁿ-to̍k kám beh sǹg chò seng-bu̍t iáu ū chin toā ê cheng-gī. Pēⁿ-to̍k sui-bóng ū kàⁿ-sò͘ kap kî-thaⁿ seng-bu̍t te̍k-iú ê hun-chú, m̄-koh nā bô tī kià-chú-sè-pau lāi-té in tō bô hoat-tō͘ oa̍h lo̍h-khì. Pēⁿ-to̍k sin-tîn-tāi-siā ê kòe-têng mā su-iàu khò kià-chú ê ûi-thôan ki-chè. Chit lō kià-seng hiān-siōng ê khí-gôan iáu bô chheng-chhó, hoān-sè kap kià-chú ū koan-hē.

Hoè-siū

Hoè-siū sī seng-bu̍t ê ki-pún chham-sò͘. Ū-ê seng-bu̍t kan-taⁿ ē-tàng oa̍h 1 kang, ū-ê seng-bu̍t, chhiūⁿ-kóng si̍t-bu̍t, tō ē-tàng oa̍h kúi-nā chheng nî. Sè-pau lāu-siam (senescence) leh koat-tēng seng-bu̍t-thé, sè-khún, pēⁿ-to̍k, sīm-chì sī prion ê hoè-siū ê sî chin tiōng-iàu.