Tông-chì (tong-sèng-loân)

Tông-chì sī tùi tông-sèng-loân-chiá ê tāi-chheng chi-it, kóng-gī-siōng iā ē-tàng tāi-chheng LGBT (tō-sī Lú-tông-sèng-loân, lâm-tông-sèng-loân, siang-sèng-loân, khòa-sèng-pia̍t) téng-téng sèng ê chió-sò͘ kûn-thé. "Tông-chì" chit-ê sǔ ê iōng-hoat sī tī 20 sè-kí 80 nî-tāi boa̍t-kî ùi Hiong-káng heng-khí, ta̍uh-ta̍uh-á liû-thoân kàu Tâi-oân kap Tiong-kok. Kàu taⁿ, "Tông-chì" sī chit-kóa tē-khu ê sèng chió-sò͘ jîn-sū iōng tī chū-chheng kap hō͘-siong chheng-hō͘ ê chú-liû chheng-ūi chi-it.^[1]^[2] Kap "Tông-sèng-loân" chit-kóa miâ-chheng pí-kàu, "Tông-chì" chit-ê sû hông jīn-ûi sī koh-khah chiàⁿ-hiòng, tiong-li̍p ê gí-sû, só͘-í tit-tio̍h chin-chē sèng-chiò-sò͘ jîn-sū ê chiūⁿ-ba̍k.^[2] I iā hông sú-iōng lâi chiong-hián LGBT kûn-thé lâi ê thoân-kiat, chêng-gî kap pau-iông.^[1]^[3]

"Tông-chì" chi̍t-ê sû chí tông-sèng-loân ê khí-thâu sī tī tông-chì kho͘-á-lāi, Hiong-káng iáⁿ-phêng-jîn Lîm Māi-khek sī tē-it-ê iōng chit-ê sû ê lâng. I kái-sek kóng, chit-ê iōng-hoat sī iōng "tông" tāi-piáu "tông-sèng-loân", "tông-chì" chit-ê sû goân-pún tō ū "kiōng-tông chì-hiòng" ê ì-sù.^[4]

Tī 1989 nî, Hiong-káng lâng Lîm E̍k-hoâ (林奕華) chhòng-pān tông-sèng-loân tiān-iáⁿ-choeh—"Hiong-káng tông-chì tiān-iáⁿ-choeh", in-ūi chit-ê goân-in, tông-chì chiâⁿ-choè tông-sèng-loân ê tāi-chheng^[5]^[6]。

Chham-khó

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Van de Werff, Ties (2008). "The Struggle of the Tongzhi: Homosexuality in China and the Position of Chinese 'Comrades'". Chū Dubel, Ireen; Hielkema, André. Urgency Required: gay and lesbian rights are human rights (ēng Eng-gí). HIVOS. p. 172-180. ISBN 978-9070435059.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Cooper, Marta (2016-11-17). ""Comrade!" how gay Chinese appropriated the word the Communist Party is trying to revive". Quartz (ēng Eng-gí). Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2017-11-20. 2018-05-04 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī nytimes
↑ Chin Hiáu-hui (2007-12-18). "［Tiān-iáⁿ］Sī-sī-hui-hui Tông-sèng-loân iáⁿ-tián". Lâm-hong Chiu-boa̍t (ēng Hôa-gí). Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2015-04-26. 2018-05-04 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ pit-kì - iáⁿ-tián sè-kài-koan^{[íng-íng bô-hāu ê liân-kiat]}
↑ Kap sèng-pia̍t ū-koan ê "tông-chì" it sû^{[íng-íng bô-hāu ê liân-kiat]}

Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ phí-á-kiáⁿ. Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia.

[VandeWerff-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Van de Werff, Ties (2008). "The Struggle of the Tongzhi: Homosexuality in China and the Position of Chinese 'Comrades'". Chū Dubel, Ireen; Hielkema, André. Urgency Required: gay and lesbian rights are human rights (ēng Eng-gí). HIVOS. p. 172-180. ISBN 978-9070435059.

[qz-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Cooper, Marta (2016-11-17). ""Comrade!" how gay Chinese appropriated the word the Communist Party is trying to revive". Quartz (ēng Eng-gí). Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2017-11-20. 2018-05-04 khòaⁿ--ê.

[nytimes-3] Ín-iōng chhò-gō͘: Bû-hāu ê <ref> tag; chhōe bô chí-miâ ê ref bûn-jī nytimes

[nfzm-4] Chin Hiáu-hui (2007-12-18). "［Tiān-iáⁿ］Sī-sī-hui-hui Tông-sèng-loân iáⁿ-tián". Lâm-hong Chiu-boa̍t (ēng Hôa-gí). Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2015-04-26. 2018-05-04 khòaⁿ--ê.

[5] Tâi-oân tiān-iáⁿ pit-kì - iáⁿ-tián sè-kài-koan^{[íng-íng bô-hāu ê liân-kiat]}

[6] Kap sèng-pia̍t ū-koan ê "tông-chì" it sû^{[íng-íng bô-hāu ê liân-kiat]}

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