Bí-kok choân-kok pō͘-chhèng hia̍p-hōe

Bí-kok tsuân-kok pōo-tshìng hia̍p-huē
(National Rifle Association of America)
Chhòng-sí sî-kan	1871 nî 11 goe̍h 17 ji̍t;; 153 nî í-chêng
Chhòng-sí-jîn	William Conant Church; George Wood Wingate
Lūi-hêng	501(c)(4)
Tax ID no.	53-0116130
Chū-chiau	Gun politics; Gun rights
Tē-tiám	Bí-kok Virginia tsiu Fairfax kūn 38°51′47″N 77°20′8″W / 38.86306°N 77.33556°W;
Ho̍k-bū khu-e̍k	Bíkok
Ho̍k-bū	İû-suat ua̍h-tāng [en]; Huē-uân tsoo-tsit ; Tsa̍p-tsì tshut-pán-siong ; Kàu-io̍k/jīn-tsìng
Hong-hoat	İû-suat ua̍h-tāng [en]; Tshut-pán-bu̍t [en]; Guē-tén [en] kè-uē
Hōe-oân	Tsiong-kīn 5.5 pah-bān (tsū-ngóo pò-kò)
Chú-iàu jîn-bu̍t	Charles L. Cotton (President); Wayne LaPierre (CEO hām Tsip-hîng hù-tsóng-tshâi)
Hun-ki ki-kò͘	NRA Civil Rights Defense Fund; NRA Foundation; NRA Special Contribution Fund; NRA Freedom Action Foundation; NRA Institute for Legislative Action; NRA Political Victory Fund
Siu-ji̍p (2018)	$412,233,508
Khai-chi (2018)	$423,034,158
Bāng-chām	NRA.org

Bí-kok tsuân-kok pōo-tshìng hia̍p-huē (ing-gí: National Rifle Association (NRA)), kan-tshing NRA, koh huan-i̍k tsò "Bí-kok rifle-tshìng hia̍p-huē"^[3]^[4]^{[lower-alpha 2]}, sī bí-kok ê tsi̍t-ê hui îng-lī-sìng bîn-kuân tsoo-tsit [en]; mā hông jīm-uî sī tén-hîng ê lī-ik thuân-thé [en].

NRA tsi-tshî Bí-kok jîn-kuân huat-àn [en] ê "Hèn-huat tē-2 siu-tsìng-àn", pīng-tshiáñ jīm-uî tshî-iú tshìng-ki [en] iōng-tsò tsū-ngóo hông-uē sī ta̍k-ê Bí-kok kong-bîn [en] ing-kai hiáng-siū ê kong-bîn kuân-lī [en]. Kin-kù 1999-nî Tsâi-hù tsa̍p-tsì [en] ê tsi̍t-ê tiau-tsa, tuā-tә-sò Bí-kok kok-huē gī-uân hām kang-tsok jîn-guân jīm-uî: NRA sī tī Bí-kok siōng-ū íng-hióng-li̍k ê iû-suat ua̍h-tāng [en]. NRA sóo khai-tén ê it-tshè tsìng-tī ua̍h-tāng sī-í "Hèn-huat tē-2 siu-tsìng àn" uî lí-lūn i-kù, pīng-tshiáñ tsik-ki̍k tâu-sin teh kok-hāng iú-kuan uī-hóo kong-bîn "tshî-tshìng kuân-lī" (bûn-tsong kuân-lī) ê tsìng-tī ūn-tōng.

Tsù-sek

↑ Estimates range from 3.4 to 6 million see membership
↑
More gun rights sources:
- Carter, Greg Lee (2006). Gun Control in the United States: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 285. ISBN 978-1851097609. Almost all of [the groups listed] are readily classifiable as either advocating a 'gun control' or a 'gun rights' position.
- Knox, Neal (2009). Knox, Christopher, pian. Neal Knox: The Gun Rights War. MacFarlane Press. p. 159. ISBN 978-0976863304. One of the few advantages—possibly the only advantage—that supporters of gun rights hold is the fact that there are more one-issue voters on the pro-gun side than on the anti-gun side.
- Patterson, Samuel C.; Eakins, Keith R. (1998). "Congress and Gun Control". Chū Bruce, John M.; Wilcox, Clyde. The Changing Politics of Gun Control. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0847686155. OCLC 833118449. April 8, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê. During the gun control legislation battles of the 1960s, the NRA, although it had no registered lobbyists, was the most powerful gun rights organization. It still enjoys this distinction, although it has undergone significant change.
- Utter, Glenn H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Gun Control and Gun Rights. Grey House. ISBN 978-1592376728.
- Wellford, Charles F; Pepper, John V; Petrie, Carol V, pian. (2013) [Print ed. 2005]. Firearms and Violence: A Critical Review (Electronic pán.). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. p. 283. doi:10.17226/10881. ISBN 978-0309546409. Another commentator pointed out, however, that a significant number of the articles supporting the individual right model published between 1970 and 1989 were written by lawyers who had either been employed by or who represented gun rights organizations, including the NRA. Founded in 1871, the group has informed its members about firearm-related legislation since 1934, and it has directly lobbied for and against firearms legislation since 1975.

Tsù-kái

↑ "National Rifle Association". ProPublica. (Eng-gí)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Gutowski, Stephen (May 30, 2019). "NRA Membership Dues, Contributions Rebounded In 2018". The Washington Free Beacon. (Eng-gí)
↑ Korte, Gregory (May 4, 2013). "Post-Newtown, NRA membership surges to 5 million". USA Today. (Eng-gí)
↑ Carter, Gregg Lee, pian. (2012). "National Rifle Association (NRA)". Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 616–20. ISBN 978-0313386701. June 6, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê. The National Rifle Association (NRA) is the nation's largest, oldest, and most politically powerful interest group that opposes gun laws and favors gun rights. (Eng-gí)

Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

Su-tsik

Anderson, Jack (1996). Inside the NRA: Armed and Dangerous: An Exposé. Beverly Hills, CA: Dove. p. 180. ISBN 978-0787106775. OCLC 34235436. (Eng-gí)
Davidson, Osha Gray (1998). Under Fire: The NRA and the Battle for Gun Control. University of Iowa Press. p. 338. ISBN 978-0877456469. (Eng-gí)
Feldman, Richard (2011). Ricochet: Confessions of a Gun Lobbyist. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1118130995. (Eng-gí)
LaPierre, Wayne R. (1994). Guns, Crime, and Freedom. Regnery. ISBN 978-0895264770. OCLC 246629786. (Eng-gí)
Melzer, Scott (2009). Gun Crusaders: The NRA's Culture War. New York University Press. p. 336. ISBN 978-0814795972. (Eng-gí)
Patrick, Brian Anse (2002). The National Rifle Association and the Media: The Motivating Force of Negative Coverage. New York: Peter Lang. ISBN 978-0820451220. OCLC 316870710. (Eng-gí)
Raymond, Emilie (2006). From My Cold, Dead Hands: Charlton Heston and American Politics. ISBN 978-0813124087. OCLC 77125677. (Eng-gí)
Smyth, Frank (March 31, 2020). The NRA: the Unauthorized History (ēng Eng-gí) (First pán.). New York: Flatiron Books. ISBN 978-1250210296. goân-loē-iông tī November 8, 2020 hőng khó͘-pih. December 5, 2020 khòaⁿ--ê. (Eng-gí)
Sugarmann, Josh (1992). National Rifle Association: Money, Firepower, and Fear. Washington, D.C.: Violence Policy Center. p. 258. ISBN 978-1451500226. OCLC 773292764. (Eng-gí)
Trefethen, James B.; Serven, James E. (1967). Americans and Their Guns: The National Rifle Association Story Through Nearly a Century of Service to the Nation. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 320. OCLC 1361329. (Eng-gí)
Winkler, Adam (2011). Gunfight: The Battle over the Right to Bear Arms in America. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 361. ISBN 978-0393082296. (Eng-gí)

Tsa̍p-tsì bûn-tsiuñ

Lacombe, Matthew J. (2019). "The Political Weaponization of Gun Owners: The National Rifle Association's Cultivation, Dissemination, and Use of a Group Social Identity". The Journal of Politics. 81 (4): 1342–56. doi:10.1086/704329. (Eng-gí)

Sin-bûn

Cizzilla, Chris (December 18, 2012). "The NRA's big spending edge – in 1 chart". The Washington Post (blog). June 5, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê. (Eng-gí)
Fox, Lauren (May 7, 2014). "Locked and Loaded: How the NRA Aims to Endure". U.S. News & World Report. May 31, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê. (Eng-gí)
Smith, Rich (February 17, 2014). "The NRA Reveals Who's to Blame for Ammo Shortage: You". The Motley Fool. June 5, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê. (Eng-gí)

Tsham-ua̍t

Carolyn D. Meadows [en]
Hâng-khong e̋n-jín (Hâng-khong e̋n-jín, hâng-khong huat-tōng-ki; eng-gí: Aircraft engine; hàn-gí: 航空發動機)
Si̍t-gâ (ti̍t-gâ; eng-gí: dental implant, endosseous implant, fixture; hàn-gí: 植牙)
Gâ-sui pēⁿ ha̍k (Gâ-suí pēñ ha̍k; eng-gí: endodontics; hàn-gí: 牙髓病學)
USS Rafael Peralta (USS Rafael Peralta (DDG-115))

Guā-pōo liân-kiat

Tī Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: National Rifle Association

Wikiquote ū Bí-kok choân-kok pō͘-chhèng hia̍p-hōe ê ín-iōng-kù.

"Lobbyist profile". OpenSecrets.org. (Eng-gí)
National Rifle Association Of America - ProPublica Nonprofit Explorer.
"Official NRA website". (Eng-gí)

[2] Estimates range from 3.4 to 6 million see membership

[more_gun_rights-6] More gun rights sources:
Carter, Greg Lee (2006). Gun Control in the United States: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 285. ISBN 978-1851097609. Almost all of [the groups listed] are readily classifiable as either advocating a 'gun control' or a 'gun rights' position.

Knox, Neal (2009). Knox, Christopher, pian. Neal Knox: The Gun Rights War. MacFarlane Press. p. 159. ISBN 978-0976863304. One of the few advantages—possibly the only advantage—that supporters of gun rights hold is the fact that there are more one-issue voters on the pro-gun side than on the anti-gun side.

Patterson, Samuel C.; Eakins, Keith R. (1998). "Congress and Gun Control". Chū Bruce, John M.; Wilcox, Clyde. The Changing Politics of Gun Control. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0847686155. OCLC 833118449. April 8, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê. During the gun control legislation battles of the 1960s, the NRA, although it had no registered lobbyists, was the most powerful gun rights organization. It still enjoys this distinction, although it has undergone significant change.

Utter, Glenn H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Gun Control and Gun Rights. Grey House. ISBN 978-1592376728.

Wellford, Charles F; Pepper, John V; Petrie, Carol V, pian. (2013) [Print ed. 2005]. Firearms and Violence: A Critical Review (Electronic pán.). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. p. 283. doi:10.17226/10881. ISBN 978-0309546409. Another commentator pointed out, however, that a significant number of the articles supporting the individual right model published between 1970 and 1989 were written by lawyers who had either been employed by or who represented gun rights organizations, including the NRA. Founded in 1871, the group has informed its members about firearm-related legislation since 1934, and it has directly lobbied for and against firearms legislation since 1975.

[3] Carter, Greg Lee (2006). Gun Control in the United States: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 285. ISBN 978-1851097609. Almost all of [the groups listed] are readily classifiable as either advocating a 'gun control' or a 'gun rights' position.

[4] Knox, Neal (2009). Knox, Christopher, pian. Neal Knox: The Gun Rights War. MacFarlane Press. p. 159. ISBN 978-0976863304. One of the few advantages—possibly the only advantage—that supporters of gun rights hold is the fact that there are more one-issue voters on the pro-gun side than on the anti-gun side.

[5] Patterson, Samuel C.; Eakins, Keith R. (1998). "Congress and Gun Control". Chū Bruce, John M.; Wilcox, Clyde. The Changing Politics of Gun Control. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0847686155. OCLC 833118449. April 8, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê. During the gun control legislation battles of the 1960s, the NRA, although it had no registered lobbyists, was the most powerful gun rights organization. It still enjoys this distinction, although it has undergone significant change.

[6] Utter, Glenn H. (2011). Encyclopedia of Gun Control and Gun Rights. Grey House. ISBN 978-1592376728.

[7] Wellford, Charles F; Pepper, John V; Petrie, Carol V, pian. (2013) [Print ed. 2005]. Firearms and Violence: A Critical Review (Electronic pán.). Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. p. 283. doi:10.17226/10881. ISBN 978-0309546409. Another commentator pointed out, however, that a significant number of the articles supporting the individual right model published between 1970 and 1989 were written by lawyers who had either been employed by or who represented gun rights organizations, including the NRA. Founded in 1871, the group has informed its members about firearm-related legislation since 1934, and it has directly lobbied for and against firearms legislation since 1975.

[1] "National Rifle Association". ProPublica. (Eng-gí)

[Gutowski-3] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Gutowski, Stephen (May 30, 2019). "NRA Membership Dues, Contributions Rebounded In 2018". The Washington Free Beacon. (Eng-gí)

[2013Membership-4] Korte, Gregory (May 4, 2013). "Post-Newtown, NRA membership surges to 5 million". USA Today. (Eng-gí)

[GAS2012p616-5] Carter, Gregg Lee, pian. (2012). "National Rifle Association (NRA)". Guns in American Society: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, Culture, and the Law. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 616–20. ISBN 978-0313386701. June 6, 2014 khòaⁿ--ê. The National Rifle Association (NRA) is the nation's largest, oldest, and most politically powerful interest group that opposes gun laws and favors gun rights. (Eng-gí)

[3]

[4]

[lower-alpha 2]

[1]

[lower-alpha 1]

[2]

Chhòng-sí sî-kan	1871 nî 11 goe̍h 17 ji̍t; 153 nî í-chêng (1871-11-17)
Chhòng-sí-jîn	William Conant Church George Wood Wingate
Lūi-hêng	501(c)(4)^[1]
Tax ID no.	53-0116130
Chū-chiau	Gun politics Gun rights
Tē-tiám	Bí-kok Virginia tsiu Fairfax kūn 38°51′47″N 77°20′8″W / 38.86306°N 77.33556°W / 38.86306; -77.33556
Ho̍k-bū khu-e̍k	Bíkok
Ho̍k-bū	İû-suat ua̍h-tāng [en] Huē-uân tsoo-tsit Tsa̍p-tsì tshut-pán-siong Kàu-io̍k/jīn-tsìng
Hong-hoat	İû-suat ua̍h-tāng [en] Tshut-pán-bu̍t [en] Guē-tén [en] kè-uē
Hōe-oân	Tsiong-kīn 5.5 pah-bān (tsū-ngóo pò-kò)^{[lower-alpha 1]}^[2]
Chú-iàu jîn-bu̍t	Charles L. Cotton (President) Wayne LaPierre (CEO hām Tsip-hîng hù-tsóng-tshâi)
Hun-ki ki-kò͘	NRA Civil Rights Defense Fund NRA Foundation NRA Special Contribution Fund NRA Freedom Action Foundation NRA Institute for Legislative Action NRA Political Victory Fund
Siu-ji̍p (2018)	$412,233,508^[2]
Khai-chi (2018)	$423,034,158^[2]
Bāng-chām	NRA.org