Gōa-hoān-chōe
Gōa-hoān-chōe (外患罪), he̍k-chiá poān-kok (叛國), tī hoat-lu̍t siōng, chí chi̍t ê lâng tùi i só͘ sio̍k tī ê kok-ka bô tiong-sêng; ûi-pōe in hāu-tiong soan-giân ia̍h-sī kap in kok-ka ê te̍k-jîn ha̍p-chok ê lâng ē pī hō-chò poān-tô͘ (叛徒). Oran's Dictionary of the Law (Hoat-lu̍t Sû-tián) tùi gōa-hoān-chōe ê tēng-gī sī: "chi̍t ê kong-bîn hia̍p-chō͘ gōa-kok chèng-hú thui-hoan ia̍h-sī giâm-tiōng chhim-hāi i só͘ sio̍k tī ê kok-ka, he̍k-chiá sī sái-lōng gōa-kok tùi i só͘ sio̍k tī ê kok-ka soan-chiàn."