"Chiáu" pán-pún chi-kan bô-kāng--ê tē-hng
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無編輯摘要 |
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Tē 17 chōa:
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'''Chiáu-á''' sī [[sio-hoeh]], ē [[nn̄g|pàng-nn̄g]] ê [[chek-chui tōng-bu̍t]], chú-iàu ê te̍k-teng sī ū [[ú]] (feather), ū chò [[si̍t]] iōng--ê [[chêng-pì]] (forelimb), it-poaⁿ ū khang-sim ê [[kut-thâu]]. Chiáu-lūi siōng sè khó-pí kûn-thâu-bú ([[phang-chhek]]/hummingbird), siōng toā chhan-chhiūⁿ nâ-kiû kiû-oân ([[tô-chiáu]], [[Emu]]) hiah lò.
== Hun-lūi ==
Í-hā sī tùi hiān-tāi chiáu-lūi kun-kù Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014)<ref name=Jarvis2014>{{cite journal | last1 = Jarvis | first1 = E.D. | display-authors = etal | year = 2014 | title = Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds | url = http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6215/1320.abstract | journal = Science | volume = 346 | issue = 6215| pages = 1320–1331 | doi=10.1126/science.1253451 | pmid=25504713 | pmc=4405904}}</ref> kap pō͘-hūn Yury, T. et al. (2013) <ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Yuri | first1 = T. | year = 2013 | title = Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals | url = | journal = Biology | volume = 2 | issue = 1| pages = 419–444 | doi = 10.3390/biology2010419 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> chū-liāu chè-chō ê chi̍t khoán chhin-oân koan-hē tô͘:
{{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:80%
|label1='''Aves'''
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Palaeognathae]]
|1={{clade
|1=[[Struthioniformes]] (ostriches)[[File:Cuvier-67 Autruche d'Afrique.jpg|90 px]]
|label2=[[Notopalaeognathae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Rheiformes]] (rheas)[[File:Cuvier-67 Nandou d'Amérique.jpg|65 px]]
|2={{Clade
|1={{Clade
|1=†[[Dinornithiformes]] (moas)[[File:Extinct birds (Plate 41) Megalapteryx didinus.png|80 px]]
|2={{Clade
|1=†[[Lithornithiformes]]
|2=[[Tinamiformes]] (tinamous)[[File:NothuraDarwiniiSmit white background.jpg|50 px]]
}}
}}
|label2=[[Novaeratitae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Casuariiformes]] (emus & cassowaries)[[File:Cayley Casuarius casuarius flipped.jpg|60 px]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Apterygiformes]] (kiwis)[[File:The genera of birds (white background).jpg|50 px]][[File:Proapteryx micromeros.png|60 px]]
|2=†[[Aepyornithiformes]] (elephant birds)[[File:Aepyornis white background.jpg|90 px]]
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
|label2=[[Neognathae]]
|2={{clade
|label1=[[Galloanserae]]
|1={{Clade
|1=[[Galliformes]] (chicken, grouse, turkeys, etc.)[[File:Red Junglefowl by George Edward Lodge white background.png|60 px]]
|label2=[[Odontoanserae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=†[[Pelagornithidae]]
|label2=[[Anserimorphae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=†[[Gastornithiformes]][[File:Gastornis 1917 white background.jpg|80 px]]
|2=[[Anseriformes]] (ducks, geese, and swans)[[File:Cuvier-97-Canard colvert.jpg|60 px]]
}}
}}
}}
|label2=[[Neoaves]]
|2={{Clade
|label1=[[Columbea]]
|1={{Clade
|label1=[[Mirandornithes]]
|1={{Clade
|1=[[Phoenicopteriformes]] (flamingos)[[File:Cuvier-87-Flamant rouge.jpg|60 px]]
|2=[[Podicipediformes]] (grebes)[[File:Podiceps cristatus Naumann white background.jpg|50 px]]
}}
|label2=[[Columbimorphae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Columbiformes]] (pigeons and dodos)[[File:Meyers grosses Konversations-Lexikon - ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens (1908) (Antwerpener Breiftaube).jpg|40 px]][[File:Didus cucullatus white background.jpg|60 px]]
|label2=
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Mesitornithiformes]] (mesites)[[File:Monias benschi 1912 white background.jpg|60 px]]
|2=[[Pteroclidiformes]] (sandgrouses)[[File:Pterocles quadricinctus white background.jpg|50 px]]
}} }} }}
|label2=[[Passerea]]
|2={{Clade
|label1=
|1={{Clade
|1=[[Cypselomorphae]] (hummingbirds, swifts)[[File:Haaksnavelkolibrie.jpg|30 px]]
|label2=[[Otidimorphae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Cuculiformes]] (cuckoos)[[File:British birds in their haunts (Cuculus canorus).jpg|50 px]]
|label2=
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Otidiformes]] (bustards)[[File:Cayley Ardeotis australis flipped.jpg|50 px]]
|2=[[Musophagiformes]] (turacos)[[File:Planches enluminées d'histoire naturelle (1765) (Tauraco persa).jpg|50 px]]
}} }} }}
|label2=
|2={{Clade
|label1=
|1={{Clade
|1=[[Opisthocomiformes]] (hoatzin)[[File:Cuvier-59-Hoazin huppé.jpg|60 px]]
|label2=[[Cursorimorphae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Gruiformes]] (rails and cranes)[[File:Cuvier-72-Grue cendrée.jpg|60 px]]
|2=[[Charadriiformes]] (gulls, auks, shorebirds, waders)[[File:D'Orbigny-Mouette rieuse et Bec-en-ciseaux white background.jpg|50 px]]
}} }}
|label2=
|2={{Clade
|label1=
|1={{Clade
|1=[[Aequornithes]] (loons, penguins, herons, pelicans, storks, etc)[[File:Cuvier-90-Manchot du Cap.jpg|40 px]][[File:Cuvier-75-Cigogne blanche.jpg|60 px]]
|label2=[[Eurypygimorphae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Eurypygiformes]] (sunbittern, kagu)[[File:Cuvier-72-Caurale soleil.jpg|50 px]]
|2=[[Phaethontiformes]] (tropicbirds)[[File:Cuvier-95-Phaeton à bec rouge.jpg|80 px]]
}} }}
|label2=[[Telluraves]]
|2={{Clade
|label1=[[Afroaves]]
|1={{Clade
|label1=[[Accipitrimorphae]]
|1={{Clade
|1=[[Cathartiformes]] (condors and New World vultures)[[File:Vintage Vulture Drawing white background.jpg|40 px]]
|2=[[Accipitriformes]] (hawks, eagles, Old World vultures etc.)[[File:Golden Eagle Illustration white background.jpg|50 px]]
}}
|label2=
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Strigiformes]] (owls)[[File:Cuvier-12-Hibou à huppe courte.jpg|50 px]]
|label2=[[Coraciimorphae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Coliiformes]] (mousebirds)
|label2=[[Eucavitaves]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Leptosomatiformes]] (cuckoo roller)
|label2=[[Cavitaves]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Trogoniformes]] (trogons)[[File:Harpactes fasciatus 1838 white background.jpg|40 px]]
|label2=[[Picocoraciae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Bucerotiformes]] (hornbills, hoopoe and wood hoopoes)[[File:A monograph of the Bucerotidæ, or family of the hornbills (Plate II) (white background).jpg|70 px]][[File:British birds in their haunts ((1922)) (Upupa epops).jpg|50 px]]
|label2=
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Coraciformes]] (kingfishers etc.)[[File:Cuvier-46-Martin-pêcheur d'Europe.jpg|50 px]]
|2=[[Piciformes]] (woodpeckers, toucans etc.)[[File:Atlante ornitologico (Tav. 26) (picchio verde).jpg|30 px]][[File:Cuvier-54-Toucan à carène.jpg|60 px]]
}} }} }} }} }} }} }}
|label2=[[Australaves]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Cariamiformes]] (seriemas, terror birds etc)[[File:Cariama cristata 1838 white background.jpg|50 px]][[File:Llallawavis scagliai.jpg|110 px]]
|label2=[[Eufalconimorphae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Falconiformes]] (falcons)[[File:NewZealandFalconBuller white background.jpg|35 px]]
|label2=[[Psittacopasserae]]
|2={{Clade
|1=[[Psittaciformes]] (parrots)[[File:Pyrrhura lucianii - Castelnau 2.jpg|60 px]]
|2=[[Passeriformes]] (songbirds and kin)[[File:Cuvier-33-Moineau domestique.jpg|50 px]][[File:Planches enluminées d'histoire naturelle (1765) Corvus corone.jpg|50 px]]
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}
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