"Unicode" pán-pún chi-kan bô-kāng--ê tē-hng

Kán-tan kóng, thong-iōng-bé sī 1-ê kok-chè piau-chún. I ê bo̍k-piau sī kā chhú-lí sè-kài kok-chióng [[gí-giân]] ê bûn-jī ê [[jī-tô·tô͘]] chòe-pian-bé. Kā múi 1-ê jī-tô·tô͘ tùi-èng kàu 1-ê [[chéng-sò·sò͘]]. Chit-ê chéng-sò·sò͘ kiò-chòe chit-ê jī-tô·tô͘ ê ''bé-ūi''. Án-ne ē-sài kā bûn-jī choán-hoà choè sò·sò͘-jī, chiah ū-hoat-tō iōng [[tiān-náu]] chhú-lí kah pó-chûn.

Thong-iōng-bé ū chi̍t-koá ki-su̍t siōng ê hān-chè kap būn-tê. Mā-ū chi̍t-kóa phoe-phêng. M̄-koh, thong-iōng-bé chiām-chiām piàn-chòe [[nńg-thé]] [[kok-chè-hòa]] kap nńg-thé [[to-gí-giân]] khoân-kéng chit 2-hāng sū-kang siōng chú-liû ê pian-bé. [[Microsoft Windows NT]] kap āu-lâi ê [[Microsoft Windows 2000]], [[Microsoft Windows XP]] iōng [[UTF-16]] lâi pó-chûn hē-thóng lāi-pō·pō͘ iōng ê bûn-jī. [[UNIX]]-lūi ê hē-thóng, chhiūⁿ [[Linux]], [[BSD]] ([[OpenBSD]], [[FreeBSD]]) kap [[Mac OS X]] iōng [[UTF-8]] lâi piáu-hiān to-gí-giân ê bûn-jī.

Beh liáu-kái thui-sak thong-iōng-bé chit-chióng pian-bé piau-chún ê tōng-ki, su-iàu seng liáu-káu siáⁿ-mi̍h sī pian-bé. Iōng [[Eng-gí]] chòe lē. Eng-gí su-iàu 26 ê tōa-siá ê jī (ABC...XYZ), 26 ê sió-siá ê jī (abc...xyz), Arabic sò·sò͘-jī (0123456789), kap 1-kóa piau-tiám (jī). Beh iōng tiān-náu chhú-lí Eng-gí, su-iàu 1-ê tùi-chiàu-pió, chit-ê pió ka múi 1-ê jī tùi-èng 1-ê to̍k-it ê 2-chìn-ūi sò·sò͘-jī. M̄-koh, tiòng-iàu ê sī, ta̍k-ê lâng lóng ài iōng kāng-khóan ê tùi-chiàu-pió. Án-ne ta̍k-ke chia ū hoat-tō ko·ko͘-thong, beh ka chia-ê 2-chìn-ūi sò͘-jī hoan-e̍k tńg lâi chòe Eng-gí chiah bôe têng-tâⁿ.

1-ê pian-bé hē-thóng ē-sài tùi-èng kàu gōa-chē ê jī-tô·tô͘ ài khòaⁿ chit-ê pian-bé iōng kui-ê bit lâi pó-chûn pian-bé-pió. 1-ê 7-bit ê 2-chìn-ūi sò·sò͘-jī tùi-èng ê hoàn-ûi sī àn 0 kàu 2^7-1=127(thak chòe 2 ê 7 chhù-hong). So-í, 1-ê 7-bit ê pian-bé ē-sài siōng-chē tùi-èng kàu 128 ê jī-tô·tô͘. Kāng-khoán ê tō-lí, 1-ê 8-bit ê pian-bé ē-sài tùi-èng kàu 256 ê jī-tô·tô͘. 1-ê 16 bit ê pian-bé ē-sài tùi-èng kàu ??? ê jī-tô·tô͘. Iōng lú-chē bit ê pian-bé ē-sài tùi-èng kàu lú-chē ê jī-tô·tô͘, m̄-koh, beh pó-chûn 1-ê jī su-iàu ê RAM mā lú-chē.

Chá-kî ê tiān-náu, RAM sī chin tin-kùi ê chu-goân. In-ùi án-ne, ta̍k-ke ē iōng sè ê pian-bé. Chhú-lí Eng-gí ê sī, sǹg-sǹg 7-bit ê pian-bé tio̍h ū-kàu. Che chò-sêng 7-bit ê ASCII pian-bé piau-chú. M̄-koh, kî-thaⁿ iōng lô-má-jī bûn-jī hē-thóng ê Europe gí-gian, chia-chia sū-iàu 1-koa ū ka phiat-im hū-ho ê jī, chhiūⁿ 'å', he̍k-chiá-sī 1-koá liân-jī, chhiūⁿ 'œ'. Chia-ê jī(jī-tô·tô͘) bô pau-koah tī ASCII pian-bé. Europe kok-ka, khai-sí chè-têng 8-bit ê pian-bé. Chia-ê 8-bit pian-bé, tùi 0 kàu 128 ê bé-ūi kap ASCII oân-choân sio-siâng.

Ūi-tio̍h beh tī iú-hān ê pian-bé khong-kan lāi-tè chi-goân lú-chē lú-hó ê bûn-jī, thong-iōng-bé sú-iōng '''cho͘-hap-ê jī-bó''' ê chò-hoat. Iōng '''á''' chit-ê jī chò lē. Thong-iōng-bé ū hō chit-ê jī ka-kī 1-ê bé-ūi (U+00E1). M̄-koh, lán m̄a ē-sài siūⁿ-kóng chit-ê jī sī '''a''' (bé-ūi U+0061) kap '''ˊ''' lâi cho͘-hap--ê. Tī thong-iōng-bé ū tēng-gī 1-ê cho͘-hap-iōng (''combining'') ê '''ˊ''' (bé-ūi U+0301). N̄a-sī chhut-hiàn U+0061 U+0301 chit 2-ê sò͘-jī sio-liân, lán tio̍h ài liáu-kái che sī ài kà thâu-chêng U+0061 tāi-piáu ê '''a''' kap aū-piah U+0301 tāi-piáu ê '''ˊ''', cho͘-ha̍p choè '''á'''. Iōng '''á''' (U+00E1) 1-ê sò͘-jī lâi piáu-sī Lô-má-jī jī-bó ê '''á''', chit-chióng kiò cho͘-hó-ê jī-bó. (''precomposed character''). Iōng U+0061 U+0301 lâi piáu-sī, chit-chióng kiò cho·cho͘-ha̍p-ê jī-bó (composed character). Chhiū U+0301 chit-chióng ê, chiò [[cho͘-ha̍p-iōng jī-bó]] (''combining character'').

1-ê ki-chhò jī-bó (''base character'') aū-piah ē-sài chiap 1-ê í-siōng ê cho͘-ha̍p-iōng jī-bó, hêng-sêng 1-ê cho͘-ha̍p-ê jī-bó. Nā sī chia-ê cho͘-ha̍p-ê jī-bó lóng beh kái chòe cho͘-hó-ê jī-bó, ū ka-kī ê bé-ūi. Ān-ne ē su-iàu iōng tiāu chin-chē bé-ūi, in-ùi cho͘-ha̍p ê khó-lêng-sèng ū chin-chē. M̄-koh, chá-chêng ê kî-thaⁿ pian-bé it-poaⁿ bô iōng cho͘-ha̍p. Ūi-tio̍h piāⁿ-lī chú-lí ka iōng kū pian-bé ê chu-liāu kau-thong, Europa ê chú-iàu gí-giân iōng ê bûn-jī ê jī-bó, i-poaⁿ tī thong-iōng-bé lāi lóng-ū tùi-èng ê cho·cho͘-ha̍p-hó ê jī-bó. Ūi-tio̍h chiàu-kò 1-ê jī-bó khó-lêng ū 1-ê í-siōng ê piáu-sī-hoat (cho͘-hó-ê kap cho͘-ha̍p-ê). Thong-iōng-bé ū khu-tēng 2-ê piáu-sī án-chòaⁿ sèng kâng-ì (sio-siâng), chit-ê hoat-chek kiò ''[[canonical equivalence]]''.

Iōng hàn-jī ê '明' chit-ê jī chòe lē. Chit-ê jī it-poaⁿ kan-na iōng 1-ê jī-tô·tô͘ lâi ìn-soat, ū tok-lip ê bé-ūi. M̄-koh, chit-ê jī mā ē-sái thiah-chòe 2-ê jī-tô·tô͘, hun-piat sī '日' kap '月'. Iōng chit 2-ê jī-tô·tô͘ lâi ìn-soat, khó-lêng ē ìn-chhut chhiūⁿ '日月' án-ne ê tô·tô͘ , Chin pháiⁿ-khòaⁿ.

M̄-koh, kā '明' thiah-chòe 2-ê jī-tô·tô͘ lâi ìn-soat ū 1-ê hó--chhù, chit-ê hó--chhù sī: án-ne chò, su-iàu ê jī-tô·tô͘ ē-sài kiám-chió. Tī 1-ê jī iōng 1-ê jī-tô·tô͘ ê chêng-hêng, beh ìn '日','月','明', su-iàu 3-ê jī-tô·tô͘. Nā-sī '明' thiah chòe 2-ê jī-tô·tô͘ ìn, kan-na su-iàu 2-ê jī-tô·tô͘. In-ùi jī-tô·tô͘ ê sò·sò͘-bo̍k it-tèng sī iú-hān. Beh iōng chia-ê iú-hān ê jī-tô·tô͘ lâi ìn-soat pí jī-tô·tô͘ sò·sò͘-bo̍k koh-khah chē ê jī ê sî, su-iàu kā jī thiah-choè 1-ê í-siōng ê jī-tô·tô͘ lâi ìn. Iā-tio̍h-sī iōng jī-tô·tô͘ khì chó·cho͘-ha̍p (tàu) chhut sin-ê jī.

Beh iōng 2-ê í-siōng ê jī-tô·tô͘ lâi chó·cho͘-ha̍p chhut 1-ê jī ê sî, Su iàu iōng 1-kóa ìn-soat ki-su̍t, nā-bô ìn ê jī ê chhiūⁿ '日月' án-ne chin pháiⁿ-khòaⁿ.

Beh chèng-khak hián-sī cho͘-ha̍p ê jī-bó sū-iàu khah ho̍k-cha̍p ê jī-hêng hián-sī ki-su̍t. Chia ê ki-su̍t m̄-sī thong-iōng-bé piau-chún ê 1-pō͘-hūn. Chóng-kóng in-ùi tōa-pō͘-hūn ê bûn-jī kan-na su-iàu iōng cho͘-hó-ê jī-bó, tiān-náu nńg-té tùi cho͘-ha̍p jī-bó ê chi-oān kaù-taⁿ iû-oân bô-kaù-hó. Ū-hoat-tō·tō͘ chèng-khak hián-sī cho͘-ha̍p jī-bó ê ki-chân jī-hêng ki-su̍t ū [[OpenType]] ([[Adobe System]] kap [[Microsoft]] chè-tēng), [[AAT]] ([[Apple Computer]] chè-tēng), kap [[Graphite]] ([[SIL International]] chè-tēng). M̄-koh, tōa-hūn ê nńg-thé bô khì lī-iōng chia ê jī-hêng ki-su̍t, tōa-hūn ê jī-hêng mā bô chi-oān, só͘-í bô hoat-tō͘ chèng-khak hián-sī cho͘-ha̍p ê jī-bó. Pí-lūn chiū [[Pe̍h-oē-jī]] lâi kóng, chin chē Pe̍h-oē-jī jī-bó m̄-sī tāi-seng to̍h í-keng cho͘-ha̍p hó-sè ê thong-iōng-bé, iā-to̍h-sī kóng it-tēng ài-iōng cho͘-ha̍p ê hong-sek. Tōa-pō͘-hūn ê nńg-thé leh hián-sī chia ê jī-bó ê sî ē têng-tâⁿ--khì (pìⁿ chòe lōan-má).

== Goā-pō·pō͘ liân-kiat ==