"Bîn-cho̍k" pán-pún chi-kan bô-kāng--ê tē-hng
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Tē 10 chōa:
"Bîn-cho̍k" chit jī sī kīn-tāi tùi se-iûⁿ giân-gí pí-lūn Eng-gí ''nation'' ê hoan-e̍k, tāi-seng lâi-goân sī Hoat-gí ê ''nacion'', ū "tàn-seng" (''naissance''), "chhut-sin-tē" ê ì-sù. Gí-goân sī Latin-gí ê ''natio'', chiàu-jī ì-sù tio̍h sī "chhut-siⁿ".
== Bîn-cho̍k ê
=== Kok-ka kap kong-bîn-sek ===
Tī chhan-chhiuⁿ Eng-kok, Hoat-kok, Se-pan-gâ, Hô-lân, Bí-kok kap Ka-ná-tah chi̍t lūi kok-ka, in-ê bîn-cho̍k sī chi̍t khoán khah chèng-tī-sek, kong-bîn-sek kap léng-thó͘-sèng--ê iōng-gí, m̄-sī óa-khò [[chong-kàu]], [[chéng-cho̍k]], cho̍k-kûn, he̍k-chiá sī bûn-hòa má-kuh leh sú-iōng, sī chiàu kok-ka (''state'') léng-thó͘ tēng--chhut-lâi ê chèng-tī sêng-oân. Tùi chit khoán kok-ka lâi kóng bîn-cho̍k ê sêng-oân tiō sī kok-ka ê kong-bîn, put-koán sī chhut-sì chò pún-kok-lâng he̍k-chiá sī āu--lâi [[kui-hòa]]--ê.<ref name="Kumar2006">{{cite encyclopedia|author= Krishan Kumar |title= nationalism |encyclopedia=The Cambridge Dictionary of Sociology |isbn=978-0-511-37145-5|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|editor=Bryan S. Turner}}</ref>
== Bûn-hòa kap cho̍k-kûn-sek ==
Mā ū chi̍t khoán bîn-cho̍k koan-liām sī óa-khò chéng-cho̍k, cho̍k-kûn, chong-kàu, le̍k-sú, ia̍h kî-tha bûn-hòa goân-sò͘ koat-tēng--ê. In-ê sêng-oân ū khó-lêng sī kè-sêng--ê, hui-chū-goān--ê mi̍h, te̍k-pia̍t khah chù-ì in kiōng-tông chó͘-sian ê khài-liām. Nā chiàu chit khoán ì-sù, in-ê bîn-cho̍k sī thian-seng seⁿ-chiâⁿ ê tāi-chì. Chit khoán bûn-hòa ia̍h cho̍k-kûn-sek ê bîn-cho̍k koan-liām, sán-seng ê só͘-chāi sī 18 sè-kí ê [[Tek-kok]], jî-chhiá hiòng [[Tang Au-chiu]] kap sè-kài kî-tha só͘-chāi pò-iông.<ref name="Kumar2006"/>
Cho̍k-kûn-sek ê bîn-cho̍k, sui-bóng it-poaⁿ mā ū kiàn-kok ê bo̍k-phiau, chóng-sī ē-tàng tī bô kiàn-kok ê chêng-hêng tang-tiong chûn-chāi. Che tùi chi̍t kóa kám-kak ka-tī sī bîn-cho̍k, m̄-koh bô kok-ka ê jîn-kûn lâi kóng sī te̍k-pia̍t ha̍h-ēng. Bô-kok-ka ê bîn-cho̍k, ū pí-lūn Se-pan-gâ ê [[Catalunya lâng]], Eng-kok ê [[So͘-kat-lân-lâng]], koh ū Ka-ná-tah ê [[Quebec lâng]]. Chiá-ê bîn-cho̍k bô it-tēng beh kiàn-ko. In sī-m̄-sī ū kok-ka, tōa-hūn sī koan-hē tio̍h khoân-le̍k chèng-tī ê būn-tê. Pí-lūn tùi [[Kurd bîn-cho̍k]] lâi kóng, í-keng ūi kiàn-kok phah-piàⁿ chin chē nî-tang, chóng-sī siū kok-chè chèng-tī ê chó͘-gāi.<ref name="Kumar2006"/>
== Chham-chiàu ==
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