Thangka

Thangka (Nepal-gú huat-im: [ˈt̪ʰaŋka]; tsōng-gú: ཐང་ཀ་; newar-gú: पौभा; hàn-gú: 唐卡; Wylie tsuán-siá: thang-ka) teh tsōng-gú ê ì-sù sī "tshîng-peh-tshiū", tio̍h-sī tsi̍t-tsióng uē teh pòo-buān, jī-tsuá tíng-kuân ê uē-siōng. Thâng-kā hing-khí teh Bod Tè-kok sî-kî, ē-tàng suî-ì î-tōng, hong-piān siu-tsông.

Thangka depicting Vajrabhairava, c. 1740

A large thangka hung on a special wall at Gyantse in Tibet in 1938

Tôo-siōng

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  11th or early 12th-century thangka of the Amitābha Buddha, with donor portraits at bottom.
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  Monk painting a thangka at the Potala in Lhasa in 1938
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  Thanka with its backing and (above) cover
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  Jina Buddha Ratnasambhava, Central Tibet, Kadampa Monastery, 1150–1225
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  'The Dhyani Buddha Akshobhya', Tibetan thangka, late 13th century, Honolulu Museum of Art. The background consists of multiple images of the Five Dhyani Buddhas.
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  Thangka of Buddha with the One Hundred Jataka Tales, Tibet, 13th-14th century
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  Small tsakli, 13-14th century
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  17th-century Central Tibetan thanka of Guhyasamaja Akshobhyavajra, Rubin Museum of Art
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  Yama, Tibet, 17th- or early 18th-century. Over six feet high, this was originally one of a set of protective deities.
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  Yama Dharmapala, Tibeto-Chinese, silk embroidery, 18th century
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  18th-century Eastern Tibetan thanka, with the Green Tara (Samaya Tara Yogini) in the center and the Blue, Red, White and Yellow taras in the corners, Rubin Museum of Art
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  Bhutanese thangka of Mt. Meru and the Buddhist Universe, 19th century, Trongsa Dzong, Trongsa, Bhutan
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  Painted Bhutanese Medicine Buddha mandala with the goddess Prajnaparamita in center, 19th century, Rubin Museum of Art
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  Bhutanese Drukpa Kagyu applique Buddhist lineage thangka with Shakyamuni Buddha in center, 19th century, Rubin Museum of Art
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  Bhutanese painted complete mandala, 19th century, Seula Gonpa, Punakha, Bhutan
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  Bhutanese painted thangka of Guru Nyima Ozer, late 19th century, Do Khachu Gonpa, Chukha, Bhutan
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  Bhutanese painted thangka of Milarepa (1052–1135), late 19th-early 20th century, Dhodeydrag Gonpa, Thimphu, Bhutan
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  Bhutanese painted thangka of the Jataka Tales, 18th-19th century, Phajoding Gonpa, Thimphu, Bhutan
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  The Qianlong Emperor of China dressed as a monk
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  Wheel of Life, from about 1800, Birmingham Museum of Art
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  The mahasiddha Ghantapa (below), from Situ Panchen's set of thangka depicting the Eight Great Tantric Adepts. 18th century, with Chinese influence
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  Tibetan thangka of the Chemchok Heruka
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  One of a pair of book covers, c. 12th century
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  19th-century Mongolian distemper painting with highlights of gold, depicting Shakyamuni flanked by Avalokiteśvara and Manjushri. The form of Manjushri depicted here is not wielding the characteristic flaming sword, but there are many forms of the eight great bodhisattvas, some are based on the Indian tradition, and other from visions of historical masters.
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  Painting Thangka in Lhasa, Tibet (2006)

Tsham-khó bûn-hèn

• Kossak, Steven M., Singer, Jane Casey, (eds.), Sacred Visions: Early Paintings from Central Tibet (exhibition catalogue), Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1998 (fully available online as PDF). (Eng-gí)
• Lipton, Barbara and Ragnubs, Nima Dorjee. Treasures of Tibetan Art: Collections of the Jacques Marchais Museum of Tibetan Art. Oxford University Press, New York. 1996.
• Rhie, Marylin and Thurman, Robert (eds.):Wisdom And Compassion: The Sacred Art of Tibet, 1991, Harry N. Abrams, New York (with three institutions), ISBN 0810925265. (Eng-gí)

Ên-sin ua̍t-to̍k

• Giuseppe Tucci, Tibetan Painted Scrolls. 3 volumes, Rome, 1949 (Eng-gí)
• Hugo E. Kreijer, Tibetan Paintings. The Jucker Collection. 2001, ISBN 978-1570628658 (Eng-gí)
• Huntington, John C., Bangdel, Dina, The Circle of Bliss: Buddhist Meditational Art, 2003, Serindia Publications, ISBN 1932476016, 9781932476019 (Eng-gí)
• Per Kværne, The Bon Religion of Tibet: The Iconography of a Living Tradition. Serindia, London 1995. ISBN 0-906026-35-0 (Eng-gí)
• David P. Jackson, History of Tibetan Painting; The Great Tibetan Painters and Their Traditions, 1995, ISBN 3700122241 (Eng-gí)
• Martin Willson, Martin Brauen, Deities of Tibetan Buddhism: The Zurich Paintings of the "Icons Worthwhile to See". Wisdom Pubn. 2000, ISBN 9780861710980 (Eng-gí)
• Robert N. Linrothe, Paradise and Plumage: Chinese Connections in Tibetan Arhat Painting. Serindia Publications 2004, ISBN 978-1932476071 (Eng-gí)
• David P. Jackson, Patron and Painter: Situ Panchen and the Revival of the Encampment Style. Rubin Museum of Art 2009, ISBN 978-0977213146 (Eng-gí)
• Jacinta Boon Nee Loh, Decision From Indecision: Conservation of Thangka Significance, Perspectives and Approaches Archived 2016-08-26 at the Wayback Machine., in Journal of Conservation and Museum Studies, Institute of Archaeology, University College London, vol. 8, 2002-11-01 (Eng-gí)

Tsham-ua̍t

• Wylie choán-siá (Wylie tsuán-siá/Wylie transliteration)
• Iông-chiu si̍p-ji̍t (Iông-tsiu si̍p-ji̍t/揚州十日)
• aptX
• Liân-ha̍p-kok siān-hiō kiù-chè chóng-sú (Lên-ha̍p-kok sēn-hiō kiù-tsè tsóng-sú/United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration)
• Armenia chéng-cho̍k bia̍t-choa̍t (Armenia tsíng-tso̍k be̍t-tsua̍t/Armenian genocide)

Guā-pōo lên-ket

• "Tibetan Art Forms: Menluk, Khyenluk and Gardri". goân-loē-iông tī 2022-11-06 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-08-19 khòaⁿ--ê.  (Eng-gí)
• Thangka Painting School in Nepal Collective of thangka artists of the Kathmandu Valley. (Eng-gí)
• Dharmapala Thangka Centre: more than 1000 pages of sacred Tibetan art and more than fully described more than different 600 Thangkas (Eng-gí)
• 'Norbulingka thangka's Norbulingka Institute - Tibetan Thangka Paintings from the Tibetan Government's Institute under the Chairmanship of the Dalai Lama. (Eng-gí)
• Movie about Newari Thangka painting in Nepal (Eng-gí)
• Mongolian Tangkas (Eng-gí)
• The Huge Thangka of Amdo Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine. (Eng-gí)
• Nick Dudka's art of Thangka site - Nick Dudka is an internationally well-known Thangka artist, who has been studying ancient Tibetan art Menry style. He is exhibiting his works all over the world to spread the unique necessity of the holy art to the modern world. (Eng-gí)