Unitary hâng-lia̍t

Tī sòaⁿ-sèng tāi-sò͘ tiong, chi̍t ê ho̍k sù-hong hâng-lia̍t $U$ sī unitary hâng-lia̍t (Hàn-jī: unitary行列, Eng-gí: unitary matrix), nā-chún-kóng i ê kiōng-tam choán-tì $U^{*}$ téng-î i ê ge̍k $U^{-1}$:

$U^{*}=U^{-1}$,

khiā-sǹg-kóng

$U^{*}U^{-1}=U^{-1}U^{*}=I$,

kî-tiong $I$ sī tan-ūi hâng-lia̍t. Liōng-chú bu̍t-lí-ha̍k khah ài ēng to-á-tiám (†) lâi siá kiōng-tam choán-tì, só͘-í téng-koân hit chi̍t sek ē piàn-chò

$U^{\dagger }U^{-1}=U^{-1}U^{\dagger }=I$.