Yosemite Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g
Yosemite Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g (ing-gú: Yosemite National Park /joʊˈsɛmɪti/ yoh-SEM-ih-tee[5]; iu-sìng bí-tē kok-ka kong-hn̂g) sī Bí-kok California tsiu ê tsi̍t-ê kok-ka kong-hn̂g,[6][7] tang-lâm-pîng hông Sierra kok-ka sim-lîm khuân-jiāu, se-pak-pîng hông Stanislaus kok-ka sim-lîm khuân-jiáukhuan-jia. Yosemite kong-hn̂g iû kok-ka kong-hn̂g kuán-lí-kio̍k, tsiàm-tē 759,620 ing-bóo (1,187 pîng-hong ing-lí; 3,074 pîng-hong kong-lí)[2]. Khiā-teh 4-ê kuān tē-khu - í Tuolumne hām Mariposa uî tiong-sim, hiòng pak kah hiòng tang iân-sin tsì Mono, hiòng lâm iân-sin tsì California tsiu Madera County. Yosemite tī 1984-nî hông tsí-tīng uî sè-kài î-sán, sī in-uī Yosemite ê huā-kong-si̍k suann-khàm, tsuí-tshiâng, tshing-uainn ê khe-liû, tuā-bong ê âng-sam-lîm, ôo-po̍h, suann-me̍h, tsháu-tē, ping-tshuan kah sing-bu̍t to-iūnn-sìng jî-lâi hiáng-ī kok-tsè.[8] Tsha-put-to 95% ê kong-hn̂g hông tsí-tīng tsò tshenn-poo[9] Yosemite sī Sierra Nevada siōng-tuā kah siōng-bô hun-suànn ê tshe-tē tsi-it, kong-hn̂g hû-si̍t si̍t-bu̍t hām tōng-bu̍t ê to-iūnn-huà.
| Yosemite Kok-ka Kong-hn̂g (İu-sìng bí-tē kok-ka kong-hn̂g) | |
|---|---|
 Uì Tunnel View khuànn-tio̍h ê Yosemite Valley | |
| Ūi-tì | Bí-kok California Madera Counties kah Mono Mariposa Tuolumne |
| Siōng kīn siâⁿ-chhī | California Mariposa |
| Bīn-chek | 759,620 acres (3,074.1 km2)[2] |
| Kiàn-li̍p | 1890 nî 10 goe̍h 1 ji̍t |
| Hóng-kheh | 2,268,313 (teh 2020-nî)[3] |
| Chèng-hú ki-kò͘ | National Park Service |
| Bāng-chām | Yosemite National Park |
| Criteria | Natural: vii, viii |
| Reference | 308 |
| Inscription | 1984 (Tē-8 session) |
Yosemite tē-khu ê tē-tsit ti̍k-tiám sī huā-kong-si̍k gâm-tsio̍h kah kóo-ló giâm-tsio̍h ê sái-bubu̍t. Tāi-iok 1000bān nî-tsîng, Sierra Nevada hông giâ-sing hām uai-tshua̍h, tsiânn-tsò i-ê ti̍k-pia̍t ê kiā-lūn, tse ē tsing-ka khe-liû hām hô-tshn̂g ê kiā-tu-tu thîng-tōo, tsiū-án-ni tsiânn-tsò koh tshim loh e̍h ê khenn-kok. Tāi-iok 100-bān nî-tsîng, ping-tshuan te khah-kuân ê hái-pua̍t tē-khu hîng-sîng. Tsuè-tsiong iûnn-khì, koh hiòng-hā uai-tshua̍h, tshiat-kuah kah tiau-khik U-hîng suann-khenn，tsō-sîng kin-á-ji̍t khip-ín ū tsiah tsē ê iû-kheh tsiân-óng khuànn-hóng Yosemite hong-kíng siù-lē ê kíng-kuan.[8]
Au-bí tīng-ku-tsiá tī 1851-nî thâu-tsi̍t-pái tsìn-ji̍p Yosemite suann-khenn-á. Tsá-kî ū kî-thann lí-hîng-tsiá tsìn-ji̍p tsit-ê suann-khenn-á, James D. Savage huat-hiān tio̍h tsit-má siong-tshut-miâ ê Yosemite kok-ka kong-hn̂g (Yosemite National Park).[10] Sui-bóng Savage hām kî-thann pe̍h-lâng sing-tshing sī in huat-hiān Yosemite, m̄-koh tsit-ê tē-khu hām suann-khenn-á pún-sin tō-ū lâng tuà-beh 4,000-nî, sui-bóng jîn-luī khó-lîng tī 8,000 kàu 10,000 nî-tsîng thâu-tsi̍t-pái tsáu-lâi tsit-ê sóo-tsāi.[11][12]
Yosemite tuì kok-ka kong-hn̂g lí-liām ê huat-tián hui-siông tiōng-iàu. Galen Clark hām kî-thann ê lâng iû-suè pó-hōo Yosemite suann-khenn á bián siū khai-huat, tsuè-tsiong tì-sú Abraham Lincoln tsóng-thóng tshiam-sú 1864-nî ê Yosemite Grant, suan-pòo Yosemite uî liân-pang pó-hōo-khu.[13] It-ti̍t-kàu 1890-nî, John Muir líng-tō tsi̍t-tiûnn sîng-kong ê ūn-tōng, hōo kok-huē kā Yosemite suann-khenn kah i-ê sì-khoo-liàn-tńg tē-khu kiàn-li̍p tsò kok-ka kong-hn̂g. Tse lóng ū tsōo-ik uī-tio̍h kok-ka kong-hn̂g ê hē-thóng phah-lo̍h ki-tshóo.[13] Yosemite tsit-má ta̍k-nî khip-ín tāi-iok 400 bān iû-kheh,[14] Tuā-to-sòo ê iû-kheh tuā-pōo-hūn ê sî-kan lóngteh Yosemite suann-khenn ê 7 pîng-hong ing-lí (18 pîng-hong kong-lí) ê sóo-tsāi tōo-kuè.[8] Yosemite kong-hn̂g tī 2016-nî tshòng-tsō iû-kheh tsham-kuan ê kì-lio̍k, tse-teh li̍k-sú siōng thâu-tsi̍t-pái tshiau-kuè 500-bān iû-kheh.[15] Uī-tio̍htuì iû-kheh tsing-ka ê huê-ìng, kong-hn̂g khai-sí iau-kiû tī 2020-nî khí-kóo ê ko-hong-kî tsìn-ji̍p kong-hn̂g tsìn-hîng ū-tīng
Tsù-kái
siu-kái- ↑ "Yosemite National Park". protectedplanet.net. Protected Planet. 2020-05-29 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Park Statistics". Yosemite National Park (U.S. National Park Service). July 22, 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "Annual Visitation Highlights". nps.gov. National Park Service. 30 April 2021 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "Yosemite National Park". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
- ↑ "Yosemite Falls". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
- ↑ Harris 1998, p. 324
- ↑ "Discover the High Sierra". California Office of Tourism. goân-loē-iông tī 2020-06-03 hőng khó͘-pih. 2022-11-29 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Nature & History". United States National Park Service: Yosemite National Park. October 13, 2006. goân-loē-iông tī January 25, 2007 hőng khó͘-pih. January 27, 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "Yosemite Wilderness". United States National Park Service: Yosemite National Park. March 15, 2008 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "Yosemite NP: Early History of Yosemite Valley". www.nps.gov. 2022-04-21 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ Yosemite: Official National Park Service Handbook. no. 138. Washington, DC: National Park Service. 1989. p. 102.
- ↑ Solnit, Rebecca (2014). Savage Dreams: a Journey into the Hidden Wars of the American West. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-95792-3. OCLC 876343009.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "History & Culture". United States National Park Service: Yosemite National Park. January 27, 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "Annual Park Recreation Visitation (1904 – Last Calendar Year)". U.S. National Park Service. March 11, 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "New visitation record in 2016 as over 5 million people visited Yosemite National Park". GoldRushCam.com. Sierra Sun Times. February 8, 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.
Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn
siu-kái- Greene, Linda Wedel (1987). Yosemite: the Park and its Resources (PDF). U.S. Department of the Interior / National Park Service. goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī 2011-06-06 hőng khó͘-pih.
- Harris, Ann G. (1998). Geology of National Parks (Fifth pán.). Kendall, Iowa: Hunt Publishing. ISBN 0787253537.
- Kiver, Eugene P.; Harris, David V. (1999). Geology of U.S. Parklands (Fifth pán.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0471332186.
- Muir, John. "Features of the Proposed Yosemite National Park" The Century; a popular quarterly (Sept. 1890) 40#5
- Schaffer, Jeffrey P. (1999). Yosemite National Park: A Natural History Guide to Yosemite and Its Trails. Berkeley: Wilderness Press. ISBN 0899972446.
- Wuerthner, George (1994). Yosemite: A Visitor's Companion. Stackpole Books. ISBN 0811725987.
- Yosemite: Official National Park Service Handbook. 138. Division of Publications, National Park Service. 1989.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Park Service.
- "Climate". National Park Service. December 22, 2004. goân-loē-iông tī January 1, 2007 hőng khó͘-pih. January 27, 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.
- "Exotic Vegetation". National Park Service. December 22, 2004. goân-loē-iông tī January 2, 2007 hőng khó͘-pih. January 27, 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.
- "Nature & History". National Park Service. October 13, 2006. goân-loē-iông tī January 25, 2007 hőng khó͘-pih. January 27, 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.
- "Water Overview". National Park Service. December 22, 2004. goân-loē-iông tī January 7, 2007 hőng khó͘-pih. January 27, 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.
- "Wildlife Overview". National Park Service. December 22, 2004. goân-loē-iông tī January 27, 2007 hőng khó͘-pih. January 27, 2007 khòaⁿ--ê.
Tsham-ua̍t
siu-kái- National parks in California
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Yosemite National Park
- Protected areas of the Sierra Nevada
- University of California Press
- National Park Service
- California Office of Tourism
- Merriam-Webster Dictionary
- Geographic Names Information System
- Kyaiktiyo Pagoda
- Balanced Rock
- Guadalupe Mountains National Park
Guā-pōo liân-kiat
siu-kái- Koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām of the National Park Service (Eng-gí)
- Yosemite Conservancy (Eng-gí)
- The Role of the Railroads in Yellowstone and Yosemite National Parks Archived 2022-07-07 at the Wayback Machine. from American Studies at the University of Virginia
- Yosemite Mariposa County Tourism Bureau (Eng-gí)
- Media specific
- Project Yosemite | Yosemite HD | Motion Timelapse Video* "Historic Yosemite Indian Chiefs – with photos". goân-loē-iông tī May 21, 2006 hőng khó͘-pih. April 6, 2019 khòaⁿ--ê.* Historic Photographs of Yosemite National Park taken by Edith Irvine (Eng-gí)
- Project Yosemite | An ongoing adventure to timelapse Yosemite in an extreme way (Eng-gí)
- My First Summer in the Sierra by John Muir. Free MP3 audio recording from LibriVox.org (Eng-gí)