Pak-táu ōe-chheⁿ tō-hâng hē-thóng
Pak-táu uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng (Pak-tâu hē-thóng (PTH); BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS); hàn-gú: 北斗卫星导航系统 (北斗系统)) sī tsi̍t-ê uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng (Satellite navigation)[4] ē-sái thê-kiong tsuân-kiû iōng-hōo tsuân-then-hāu, tsuân-then-sî, ko-tsing-tōo ê tīng-uī, tō-hâng kah siū-sî ho̍k-bū. Pak-táu hē-thóng ê huat-tén lóng-tsóng ū sañ-tāi, uì tē-lī-tāi khai-sí ê pak-táu hē-thóng tsìng-sik tīng-miâ tsò "Pak-táu uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng" (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)).
| Country/ies of origin | Tiong-kok |
|---|---|
| Operator(s) | CNSA |
| Type | Kun-sū, siong-gia̍p |
| Status | Tshau-tsok-tiōng |
| Coverage | Tsuân-kiû |
| Accuracy |
3.6m (it-puann) 2.6 m (A-thài, it-puann) 10cm (kā-bi̍t)[1] |
| Constellation size | |
| Total satellites | 35 (2020) |
| Satellites in orbit | 35 |
| First launch | 2000nî 10gue̍h 31li̍t |
| Last launch | 2020nî 6gue̍h 23li̍t[2] |
| Total launches | 59[3] |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Regime(s) | GEO, IGSO, MEO |
| Website |
www |
Pak-táu 1-hō hē-thóng (tē-it-tāi pak-táu hē-thóng) sī sañ-lia̍p uē-tsheñ thê-kiong khu-i̍k tīng-uī ho̍k-bū. Uì 2000-nî khai-sí, tsi̍t-ê hē-thóng tsú-iàu teh Tiong-kok kíng-lāi thê-kiong tō-hâng ho̍k-bū. Teh 2012-nî 12-gue̍h, Pak-táu it-hō ê tsuè-āu tsi̍t-lia̍p uē-tsheñ i-ê siū-miā kàu-kî, Pak-táu uē-tsheñ tō-hâng tshì-giām hē-thóng thîng-tsí ūn-tsok.
Pak-táu 2-hō hē-thóng (tē-lī-tāi pak-táu hē-thóng) sī tsi̍t-ê pau-kuat 16-lia̍p uē-tsheñ ê tsuân-kiû uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng. Hun-pia̍t uî 6-lia̍p tē-kiû tsíng-tsí kuí-tō (geostationary orbit) uē-tsheñ, 6-lia̍p thán-khi tē-kiû tóng-pōo kuí-tō (geosynchronous orbit) uē-tsheñ, 4-lia̍p tiōng tē-kiû kuí-tō (Medium Earth orbit (MEO)) uē-tsheñ. Uì 2012-nî 11-gue̍h, tē-lī-tāi pak-táu hē-thóng khai-sí teh a-thài tē-khu uì iōng-hōo thê-kiong tē-khu tīng-uī ho̍k-bū.[5][6]
Pak-táu hē-thóng (tē-sañ-tāi pak-táu hē-thóng) uî sañ-tsióng bô-khang-khuán ê kuí-tō uē-tsheñ sóo tsoo-sîng-e̊; pau-kuat 24-lia̍p tē-kiû tiōng tē-kiû kuí-tō (Medium Earth orbit (MEO)) uē-tsheñ (khàm-hok tsuāñ-kiū), 3-lia̍p thán-khi tē-kiû tóng-pōo kuí-tō uē-tsheñ tsuân-then (khàm-hok A-thài tuā-pōo-hūn ê tē-khu) kap 3-lia̍p tē-kiû tsíng-tsí kuí-tō uē-tsheñ (khàm-hok Tiong-kok).[7] Pak-táu sañ-hō teh 2018-nî thê-tsîng khai-hòng pak-táu hē-thóng ê tsuân-kiû tīng-uī kong-lîng.[8] Pak-táu sañ-hō teh 2020-nî 7-gue̍h 31-li̍t khai-thong.[9][10]
Pak-táu uē-tsheñ tō-hâng ho̍k-bū (BDS), Bí-kok tsuân-kiû tīng-uī hē-thóng (GPS), Lôosiiā tsuân-kiû tō-hâng uē-tsheñ hē-thóng (GLONASS), kah Au-bîng GAlileo tīng-uī hē-thóng (Galileo) tíng-tíng hē-thóng uī liân-ha̍p-kok tsuân-kiû uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng kok-tsè uí-guân-huē (International Committee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG)) līn-tīng-ê tsuân-kiû uē-tsheñ tō-hâng hē-thóng ê sī-tuā kiong-ìng-siōng (vendor).[11]
Uē-tsheñ pòo-kio̍k
siu-kái| Block | Launch period |
Satellite launches | Currently in orbit and healthy | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sîng-kong | Sit-pāi | Kè-uē | |||
| 1 | 2000–2006 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 2007–2019 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
| 3 | 2015–present | 35 | 0 | 0 | 30 |
| Lóng-tsóng | 59 | 0 | 0 | 42 | |
Tsù-kái
siu-kái- ↑ May 27, Merryl Azriel on; Space, 2013 in; Relations, International (27 May 2013). "US Department of Defense Reports on China's Space Capabilities". Space Safety Magazine. goân-loē-iông tī 7 September 2016 hőng khó͘-pih. 1 August 2015 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "China puts final satellite for Beidou network into orbit -state media". Financial Post. 22 June 2020 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "北斗卫星发射一览表". 北斗卫星导航系统. goân-loē-iông tī 19 November 2018 hőng khó͘-pih. 19 November 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "北斗卫星导航系统英文名称正式公布". 北斗卫星导航系统网站 (ēng Hôa-gí). 中国卫星导航系统管理办公室. 2012-12-27. goân-loē-iông tī 2015-09-23 hőng khó͘-pih. 2015-07-26 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "China GPS rival Beidou starts offering navigation data". BBC. 27 December 2011. goân-loē-iông tī 3 February 2012 hőng khó͘-pih. 20 June 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "China's Beidou GPS-substitute opens to public in Asia". BBC. 27 December 2012. goân-loē-iông tī 27 December 2012 hőng khó͘-pih. 27 December 2012 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ 李国利; 刘艺 (2020-06-24). "爱星 吉星 萌星" (PDF). 新华每日电讯 (总第 10038 期). 新华通讯社.
- ↑ "北斗三号基本系统建成开始提供全球服务". 新华社 (ēng Hôa-gí). Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2018-12-28. 2018-12-28 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "China puts final satellite for Beidou network into orbit – state media". Reuters (ēng Eng-gí). 23 June 2020. goân-loē-iông tī 2020-10-28 hőng khó͘-pih. 23 June 2020 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ "Directions 2017: BeiDou's road to global service". GPS World. 6 December 2016. goân-loē-iông tī 27 May 2017 hőng khó͘-pih. 8 May 2017 khòaⁿ--ê.
- ↑ 姜连举; 杨宝峰 (2012-11-23). ""北斗"成全球卫星导航系统四大核心供应商之一" (ēng Hôa-gí). 解放军报. Goân-pún bāng-ia̍h Pó-chûn tī 2013-11-16. 2015-07-26 khòaⁿ--ê.
Tsham-ua̽t
siu-kái- Tiong-kok kok-ka hāng-thian-kio̍k (Tiong-kok kok-ka hāng-then-kio̍k/China National Space Administration; CNSA)
- Bibliotheca Alexandrina (nova) (sin Alexandria tôo-tsu-kuán; poj: sin Alexandria tô͘-chu-koán, ; latin-gí: Bibliotheca Alexandrina (nova))
- ʻOumuamua (eng-gí: ʻOumuamua, scout)
- Kau-chha hoán-choán soân-e̍k (kau-tsha huán-tsuán suân-i̍k; eng-gí: intermeshing rotors, synchropter)
- Tông-tio̍k hoán-choán soân-e̍k (tông-tio̍k huán-tsuán suân-i̍k; eng-gí: contra-rotating propellers (CRP), coaxial contra-rotating propellers, high-speed propellers)