Neutrino
Neutrino (Tâi-gí ho͘-im: niu-chhúi-nò͘, iōng Hi-lia̍p jī-bó ν chò kì-hō) sī chi̍t chióng lepton. Neutrino ê spin sī 1/2, só͘-í i sī fermion; i ê chit-liōng khah sè kî-thaⁿ ê ki-pún lia̍p-chú, ti̍t-beh bô-khì.
 1970 nî 11-goe̍h 13-hō, tī Argonne Kok-ka Si̍t-giām-sek tē-it kái ū lâng iōng chúi-sò͘ pho-á-sek lâi thàm-chhek neutrinos. Chi̍t-ê neutrino khì lòng--tio̍h chúi-sò͘ goân-chú tiong ê iông-chú; sio-lòng hoat-seng tī siòng-phìⁿ chiàⁿ-chhiú-pêng, sàn-hoat--chhut saⁿ-ê hûn-jiah. | |
| Hun-lūi | Lepton, antilepton |
|---|---|
| Thóng-kè | Fermi thóng-kè |
| Sè-tāi | Tē-it, tē-jī kap tē-saⁿ |
| Kì-hō | νe, νμ, ντ, νe, νμ, ντ |
| Hoán-lia̍p-chú | Opposite chirality from particle |
| Lí-lūn |
|
| Hoat-hiān |
|
| Lūi-hêng | 3: tiān-chú neutrino, muon neutrino, and tau neutrino |
| Chit-liōng | <0.120 eV (<2.14×10−37 kg), 95% sìn-sim chúi-chún, 3 chióng bī ê chóng-hô[1] |
| Tiān-hō | 0 e |
| Spin | 1/2 |
| Jio̍k isospin | LH: +1/2, RH: 0 |
| Jio̍k hypercharge | LH: −1, RH: 0 |
| B − L | −1 |
| X | −3 |
Neutrino kan-ta ē chham-ú jio̍k-le̍k kap tiōng-le̍k saⁿ-chok-iōng.
Jio̍k-le̍k chok-iōng ê hoān-ûi sè-sè chi̍t-phìⁿ-á niā-niā, tiōng-le̍k iū koh put-chí-á jio̍k, kì-jiân neutrino bōe chham-ú kiông-le̍k chok-iōng, i chhŏaⁿ ē-tàng chhǹg-kòe tōa-pō͘-hūn ê it-poaⁿ bu̍t-chit, siáⁿ-mih to bô châi-tiāu kā tìn--lo̍h-lâi, i mā bōe hŏng thàm-chhek--tio̍h.
Jio̍k-le̍k chok-iōng sán-seng ê neutrino ū saⁿ chióng lepton bī: tiān-chú neutrino (νe), muon neutrino (νμ), kap tao neutrino (ντ), kok-chū tùi-èng i ê lepton.
Ē-bīn chióng-chióng ê hòng-siā-sèng decay ē-sái sán-seng neutrino:
- goân-chú-hu̍t ia̍h hadron ê beta decay
- tī hêng-chheⁿ hu̍t-sim chū-jiân hoat-seng ê hu̍t-hoán-èng
- jîn-kang hu̍t-hoán-èng, phì-jū hoat-seng tī goân-chú-lô͘, goân-chú-tôaⁿ, ia̍h lia̍p-chú ka-sok-khì.
- chhiau-sin-chheⁿ po̍k-chà ê sî
- tiong-chú-chheⁿ ê spin-down
- ú-tiū-sòaⁿ ia̍h ka-sok lia̍p-chú-sok khì lòng--tio̍h goân-chú ê sî
Miâ-chheng siu-kái
In-ūi neutrino sī tiān-tiong-sèng--ê (Italia-gí word stem: neutr-), jî-chhiáⁿ i ê chit-liōng chin sè (Italia-gí suffix: -ino), khah-chá lâng lóng kiò-sī i bô chit-liōng, só͘-í Italia bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka Enrico Fermi kā i hō chò neutrino.
Neutrino tī Hôa-gí lāi-té hŏng hoan-e̍k chò 微中子 (Tâi-oân, Hiong-káng) ia̍h-sī 中微子 (Tiong-kok), che sī chiàu i goân-té ê ì-sù khì hoan-e̍k ·ê.
Le̍k-sú siu-kái
1930 nî, Wolfgang Pauli ká-siat neutrino ê chûn-chāi, i sī ūi-tio̍h beh kái-soeh beta pang-hoài án-chóaⁿ î-chhî lêng-liōng, ūn-tōng-liōng, kak-ūn-tōng-liōng (spin) ē siú-hêng.
Chù-kái siu-kái
- ↑
Mertens, Susanne (2016). "Direct neutrino mass experiments". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 718 (2): 022013. arXiv:1605.01579
. Bibcode:2016JPhCS.718b2013M. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/718/2/022013.
Guā-pō͘ liân-kiat siu-kái
- Casper, Dave. "What's a Neutrino?". University of California, Irvine.
- "Neutrino unbound". On-line review and e-archive on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics.
- The Ghost Particle (video documentary). Nova. Boston, MA: WGBH.