Wolfgang Pauli

Wolfgang Ernst Pauli
Wolfgang Ernst Pauli
Tshut-sì	Wolfgang Ernst Pauli; 1900 nî 4 goe̍h 25 ji̍t; Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Kuè-sin	1958 nî 12 goe̍h 15 ji̍t (58 hòe); Zurich, Switzerland
Citizenship	Austria; United States; Switzerland
Bú-hāu	Ludwig-Maximilians University
Tù-miâ	Pauli exclusion principle; Pauli–Villars regularization; Pauli matrices; Pauli effect; Pauli equation; Pauli group; Pauli repulsion; Pauli paramagnetism; Pauli–Lubanski pseudovector; Fierz–Pauli–Kofink identities; Neutrino; Massive gravity; CPT symmetry; Aufbau principle; Coining 'not even wrong';
Awards	Lorentz Medal (1931); Nobel Prize in Physics (1945); ForMemRS (1953); Matteucci Medal (1956); Max Planck Medal (1958);
	Kho-ha̍k sing-gâi
Gén-kiù líng-i̍k	Theoretical physics
Jīm-tsit ki-kòo	University of Göttingen; University of Copenhagen; University of Hamburg; ETH Zurich; Institute for Advanced Study
Thesis	About the Hydrogen Molecular Ion Model (1921)
Doctoral advisor	Arnold Sommerfeld
Other academic advisors	Max Born
Phok-sū ha̍k-sing	Nicholas Kemmer; José Leite Lopes; Felix Villars; Charles Enz;
Other notable students	Markus Fierz; Sigurd Zienau; Hans Frauenfelder;
Kâng íng-hióng	Hu Shih; Carl Gustav Jung; Ernst Mach;
Siū íng-hióng	Ralph Kronig; Werner Heisenberg; Dr. Jung;
Notes
	His godfather was Ernst Mach. He is not to be confused with Wolfgang Paul, who called Pauli his "imaginary part", a pun with the imaginary unit i.

Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (/ˈpɔːli/; Tek-gí: [ˈvɔlfɡaŋ ˈpaʊli]) sī chi̍t ūi Austria ê lí-lūn bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka; i sī liōng-chú bu̍t-lí-ha̍k ê khai-thok-chiá. 1945 nî, Pauli tio̍h Nobel Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k Chióng, tio̍h-chióng ê lí-iû sī “i hoat-hiān tōa-chū-jiân ê sin tēng-lu̍t, Pauli bô-chò-hóe goân-lí, koat-tēng-sèng ê kòng-hiàn.” Chit hāng pau-hoat spin lí-lūn, che sī bu̍t-chit kiat-kò͘ lí-lūn ê ki-chhó͘.

Pauli tī Vienna chhut-sì, in lāu-pē sī hòa-ha̍k-ka Wolfgang Joseph Pauli (Wolf Pascheles, 1869–1955), in lāu-bú sī Bertha Camilla Schütz, in a-chí Hertha Pauli sī chi̍t ūi chok-ka kiam ián-oân. Pauli ê tiong-ng-miâ sī beh kì-liām i ê kàu-hù Ernst Mach, i mā sī chi̍t ūi bu̍t-lí-ha̍k-ka. Pauli ê a-kong a-má sī tùi Praha lâi ê Iû-thài bōng-cho̍k; i ê cha-po͘-chó͘ sī Iû-thài chhut-pán-siong Wolf Pascheles. Pauli ê lāu-bú Bertha Schütz sī tī Lô-má Tiān-chû-kàu ê ka-têng chhiâⁿ-ióng tōa-hàn ·ê; Bertha ê lāu-pē sī Jewish writer Friedrich Schütz. Pauli was raised as a Roman Catholic, although eventually he and his parents left the Church.

Pauli tha̍k ê ko-tiong sī Vienna ê Döblinger-Gymnasium; i tī 1918-nî pit-gia̍p with distinction. Nn̄g kó goe̍h í-āu i tiō hoat-piáu i ê tē-it phiⁿ lūn-bûn, leh thó-lūn Albert Einstein ê it-poaⁿ siong-tùi-lūn. Āu-lâi i khì tha̍k München Tāi-ha̍k, chí-tō kàu-siū sī Arnold Sommerfeld, 1921-nî 7-goe̍h Pauli the̍h-tio̍h i ê phok-sū, i lūn-bûn ê tê-bo̍k sī lī-chú-hòa siang-goân-chú chúi-só͘ (H+2) ê liōng-chú lí-lūn.

Sommerfeld chhiáⁿ Pauli khì siá chi̍t phiⁿ siong-tùi-lūn ê pêng-lūn hō͘ <i id="mwXQ">Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften</i> (Sò͘-ha̍k Kho-ha̍k Pah-kho-choân-su). Pauli the̍h-tio̍h phok-sū nn̄g kó goe̍h í-āu, siá-hó 237 iah ê bûn-chiuⁿ. Einstein mā ū kā i o-ló; hit phiⁿ siong-tùi-lūn ê bûn-chiuⁿ sī as a monograph, i kàu-taⁿ iáu koh sī siong-tùi-lūn ê phiau-chún chham-khó tho̍k-bu̍t.

Wolfgang Pauli leh siōng-khò

Pauli tī Göttingen Tāi-ha̍k chò Max Born ê chō͘-lí, keh-tńg-nî tī Copenhagen ê Lí-lūn Bu̍t-lí-ha̍k Gián-kiù-só͘ (later the Niels Bohr Institute). Chū 1923-nî kàu 1928-nî, i sī Hamburg Tāi-ha̍k ê kàu-siū. Hit-chām-á Pauli was tùi hiān-tāi liōng-chú le̍k-ha̍k ê hoat-tián chò-chhut pang-chān. Te̍k-pia̍t sī i ū kiàn-kò͘ bô-chò-hóe goân-lí kap hui-siong-tùi-lūn-sèng spin. 1924-nî i mā ū siá chi̍t phiⁿ lūn-bûn leh thó-lūn colloid hòa-ha̍k kap i-ha̍k.

Wolfgang Pauli, 1924-nî chó-iū

Chham-khó chu-liāuSiu-kái

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Peierls, Rudolf (1960). "Wolfgang Ernst Pauli 1900–1958". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society. 6: 174–192. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1960.0014. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Wolfgang Pauli at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
↑ "Max Born". Max-Born-Institut. 9 November 2020 khòaⁿ--ê. 1922...Wolfgang Pauli and Werner Heisenberg are research assistants of Max Born
↑ Chiang, Tsai-Chien (January 2013). Madame Wu Chien-shiung: The First Lady Of Physics Research. World Scientific. pp. 195–196. ISBN 9789814579131.
↑ "Atom and Archetype: The Pauli/Jung Letters, 1932-1958 - Updated Edition".
↑ "Atom and Archetype: The Pauli/Jung Letters, 1932–1958". 2002-09-01. doi:10.1063/1.1522220.
↑ "Correcting the Record on Pauli".
↑ "The Drama in the Development of Quantum Mechanics in 1926-27".
↑ Rechenberg, Helmut (January 1993). "Heisenberg and Pauli: Their Program of a Unified Quantum Field Theory of Elementary Particles (1927–1958)". Original Scientific Papers / Wissenschaftliche Originalarbeiten. pp. 1–20. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70079-8_1. ISBN 978-3-642-70080-4.
↑ Anathaswamy, Anil (2020-08-06). "When quantum physics met psychiatry".
↑ Gerald E. Brown and Chang-Hwan Lee (2006): Hans Bethe and His Physics, World Scientific, ISBN 978-981-256-610-2, p. 338

[peierls-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Peierls, Rudolf (1960). "Wolfgang Ernst Pauli 1900–1958". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society. 6: 174–192. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1960.0014. Unknown parameter |s2cid= ignored (help)

[mathgene-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Wolfgang Pauli at the Mathematics Genealogy Project

[3] "Max Born". Max-Born-Institut. 9 November 2020 khòaⁿ--ê. 1922...Wolfgang Pauli and Werner Heisenberg are research assistants of Max Born

[4] Chiang, Tsai-Chien (January 2013). Madame Wu Chien-shiung: The First Lady Of Physics Research. World Scientific. pp. 195–196. ISBN 9789814579131.

[5] "Atom and Archetype: The Pauli/Jung Letters, 1932-1958 - Updated Edition".

[6] "Atom and Archetype: The Pauli/Jung Letters, 1932–1958". 2002-09-01. doi:10.1063/1.1522220.

[7] "Correcting the Record on Pauli".

[8] "The Drama in the Development of Quantum Mechanics in 1926-27".

[9] Rechenberg, Helmut (January 1993). "Heisenberg and Pauli: Their Program of a Unified Quantum Field Theory of Elementary Particles (1927–1958)". Original Scientific Papers / Wissenschaftliche Originalarbeiten. pp. 1–20. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70079-8_1. ISBN 978-3-642-70080-4.

[10] Anathaswamy, Anil (2020-08-06). "When quantum physics met psychiatry".

[11] Gerald E. Brown and Chang-Hwan Lee (2006): Hans Bethe and His Physics, World Scientific, ISBN 978-981-256-610-2, p. 338

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Wolfgang Ernst Pauli

Tshut-sì	Wolfgang Ernst Pauli 1900 nî 4 goe̍h 25 ji̍t(1900-04-25) Vienna, Austria-Hungary
Kuè-sin	1958 nî 12 goe̍h 15 ji̍t (58 hòe) Zurich, Switzerland
Citizenship	Austria United States Switzerland
Bú-hāu	Ludwig-Maximilians University
Tù-miâ	Pauli exclusion principle Pauli–Villars regularization Pauli matrices Pauli effect Pauli equation Pauli group Pauli repulsion Pauli paramagnetism Pauli–Lubanski pseudovector Fierz–Pauli–Kofink identities Neutrino Massive gravity CPT symmetry Aufbau principle Coining 'not even wrong'
Awards	Lorentz Medal (1931) Nobel Prize in Physics (1945) ForMemRS (1953)^[1] Matteucci Medal (1956) Max Planck Medal (1958)
Kho-ha̍k sing-gâi
Gén-kiù líng-i̍k	Theoretical physics
Jīm-tsit ki-kòo	University of Göttingen University of Copenhagen University of Hamburg ETH Zurich Institute for Advanced Study
Thesis	About the Hydrogen Molecular Ion Model^[2] (1921)
Doctoral advisor	Arnold Sommerfeld^[2]^[1]
Other academic advisors	Max Born^[3]
Phok-sū ha̍k-sing	Nicholas Kemmer^[2] José Leite Lopes Felix Villars Charles Enz
Other notable students	Markus Fierz Sigurd Zienau Hans Frauenfelder^[2]
Kâng íng-hióng	Hu Shih^[4] Carl Gustav Jung^[5]^[6] Ernst Mach
Siū íng-hióng	Ralph Kronig^[7] Werner Heisenberg^[8]^[9] Dr. Jung^[10]
Notes
His godfather was Ernst Mach. He is not to be confused with Wolfgang Paul, who called Pauli his "imaginary part",^[11] a pun with the imaginary unit i.