Liân-oe̍h
liân-oe̍h[1] (liân-ui̍h, 連劃, 聯-; Eng-gí: hyphen) a̍h-sī liân-jī-hō (連字號), sī chi̍t khoán piau-tiám hû-hō.
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Liân-oe̍h | |
Chiap jī ê liân-oe̍h
siu-káiTī Dionysius Thrax ê Hi-lia̍p-gí tì-chok í-keng ū kā liân-oe̍h phiat chò bûn-hoat kì-hō. Hong-hoat sī tiám tī jī-sû ē-té (hit-chūn Hi-lia̍p bûn-jī bô keh khòng-keh) ê chi̍t sûn oan-khiau pit-oe̍h, tāi-piáu nn̄g-ê jī-sû sī ài chò chi̍t hāng tan-to̍k khài-liām lâi liáu-kái. La-tin bûn-jī tī 2 sè-kí bóe kàu 3 sè-kí ê sî, mā o̍h Hi-lia̍p bûn-jī bô ēng khòng-keh; chóng-sī kàu 8 sè-kí ê sî, koh siū hui bú-gí tha̍k-chiá, pí-lūn Celt lâng cheng-lū ê koàn-sì éng-hióng, têng-sin chhái-ēng khòng-keh. Hit-tang-chūn ê chhau-siá-sai, nā khòaⁿ tio̍h bô pit-iàu ê khòng-keh, chiō ōe chiūⁿ chá-chêng Hi-lia̍p-sek ê liân-oe̍h chò má-kuh. 9 sè-kí í-āu, Hi-lia̍p-gí mā siū éng-hióng kái-ēng khòng-keh, liáu-āu iû-kî koh siū Gutenberg sek ê ìn-soat éng-hióng, kū Hi-lia̍p-sek ê liân-oe̍h chiām-chhù hông hòe-tû.[2]
Óa-piⁿ-sek ê liân-oe̍h
siu-káiLiân-oe̍h ê lēng-gōa chi̍t khoán khí-goân, sī chi̍t khoán "óa-piⁿ-sek" (marginal) ê liân-oe̍h, sī siá tī in-ūi thiàu chōa soah thiah-khui ê jī-sû chêng pòaⁿ-pêng āu-piah, piáu-sī kap pâi ji̍p ē-kha hit chōa ê jī-sû āu pòaⁿ-pêng liân-sio̍k. Tī 10 sè-kí ê Eng-lân, chit sek ê liân-oe̍h í-keng ū ēng.[2]
Pí-lūn Eng-gí ê óa-piⁿ-sek liân-oe̍h ēng-hoat thang chhiūⁿ:
| We, therefore, the represen- tatives of the United States |
Thâu-chêng ê sém-phoh lāi-bīn representatives thiah chò represen kap tatives, tiong-ng chiap liân-oe̍h piáu-kì.
Pe̍h-ōe-jī ê sú-iōng
siu-káiLiân-oe̍h tī Pe̍h-ōe-jī chú-iàu ê sú-iōng, chiàu Carstairs Douglas tī 1873 nî chhut-pán ê Ē-mn̂g-ōe sû-tián lāi-bīn ké-soeh, sī ēng lâi kā liân-sio̍k ho͘-im ê jī-sû im-chat chiap chò-hóe; jî-chhiá mā khó-lū tio̍h mài kā jī chiap siuⁿ kòe tn̂g--khì. In-ūi pian-siá khang-khòe ê cheng-chha, Douglas sû-tián pún-sin tùi liân-oe̍h ê sú-iōng, iû-kî tú tio̍h 3-ê im-chat ê jī-sû ê sî-chūn, sī iû-goân iáu bô it-tì--ê.[3] Lēng-gōa hit chūn mā í-keng ū ēng siang-liân-oe̍h piáu-tat khin-siaⁿ ê siat-kè.[4]
Tī kin-sè khah ún-tēng thong-hêng ê Pe̍h-oē-jī kè-sio̍k 19 sè-kí ê siat-kè, kā liân-oe̍h ēng chò chiong im-chiat liâm chò jī-sû ê hû-hō. Lēng-gōa mā pó-chhî chá-chêng siang-liân-oe̍h[5][6] ê ēng-hoat, piáu-sī chiap āu ê im-chat ho͘ khin-siaⁿ.
Pe̍h-ōe-jī ia̍h ū bô tàu liân-oe̍h ê siá-hoat. Che tang-tiong chi̍t khoán sī ēng jī-sû chò tan-goân, kā chē-ê im-chat liân chò-hóe siá.[7] koh ū chi̍t khoán siat-sióng sī o̍h Oa̍t-lâm-gí ê chiàⁿ-jī-hoat kā im-chat pun-khui siá.[8]
Tiān-náu chhú-lí
siu-káiTī tiān-náu sú-iōng ê ASCII bûn-jī pian-bé lāi-bīn, liân-oe̍h kap kiám-hō sī kong-ke ēng "hyphen-minus" hû-hō, siat tī būn-jī 45 (character 45); nā Unicode sī siat tī U+002D (-); lēng-goā, oân-ná ū hun-li̍p ê pian-bé: liân-oe̍h sī U+2010 ( ‐ ); kiám-hō sī U+2212 ( − ).
Chham-chiàu
siu-káiSu-chì
siu-kái- Houston, Keith (2013). Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0393064421.
- Douglas, Carstairs (1873). Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy.
- Barclay, Thomas (1923). Supplement to Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Amoy.
Chù-kha
siu-kái- ↑ Barclay 1923, 劃 "liên-u̍ih, a hyphen."
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Houston 2013, Chapter 7: The Hyphen
- ↑ Douglas 1873, Introduction
- ↑ Douglas 1873, Explanation of Abbreviations, and of Peculiar Marks, &c.
- ↑ Barclay 1923, 劃 "siang-liên-u̍ih, a double hyphen."
- ↑ 張洪南 (1922). 臺灣羅馬白話字自修書.
- ↑ 楊允言 (1995). 台語這條路─台文工作者訪談錄. 台笠出版社 & 學生台灣語文促進會. p. 47. ISBN 9789579974813.
- ↑ 張裕宏 (2014). "40年ê文字思考". goân-loē-iông tī 2021-10-23 hőng khó͘-pih. 2018-06-13 khòaⁿ--ê.