Pennsylvania Tek-gí

Pennsylvania Dutch
	Pennsylvania German
	Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch
Goân-chū kok-ka	United States, Canada
Sú-iōng tē-khu	United States: Indiana; Illinois; Iowa; Kentucky; Missouri; New York; Ohio; West Virginia; Pennsylvania; Wisconsin; Tennessee; Canada: Ontario; Elsewhere in North America and some spots in Central America
Bîn-cho̍k	Pennsylvania Dutch
bú-gí sú-iōng-chiá	237,000 (2016-2020 American Community Survey); to 350,000 (2012) (L2 speakers: about 3,000)
Gí-hē	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Elbe Germanic High German Central German West Central German Rhine Franconian Pfälzisch-Lothringisch Palatine German Pennsylvania Dutch; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Gí-giân tāi-bé
ISO 639-3	pdc
Glottolog	penn1240
ELP	Pennsylvania German
Linguasphere	52-ACB-he
	Blue: The counties with the highest proportion of Pennsylvania German speakers.; Red: The counties with the highest number of Pennsylvania German speakers.; Purple: The counties with both the highest proportion and highest number of Pennsylvania German speakers.
	Pennsylavia Dutch is not endangered according to the classification system of the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
	Che bûn-chiong pau-hâm IPA hû-hō. Nā-sī bô siong-koan ê jī-hêng chi-oān, lí khó-lêng ē khoàⁿ tio̍h būn-hō, hng-kheng ia̍h-sī khî-thaⁿ hû-hō, bô-hoat-tō͘ chèng-siông hián-sī Unicode jī-goân. Chhiáⁿ lí khoàⁿ Help:IPA.

Pennsylvania Tek-gí (Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch ia̍h Pennsylvania Dutch) sī chi̍t chióng ko-tē Tek-gí; chú-iàu hun-pò͘ tī Bí-kok ê Pennsylvania, Indiana kap Ohio téng chiu. Sú-iōng-chiá tāi-khài ū 15-bān chì 25-bān chó-iū. Só͘-ū Amisch lóng ē-hiáu kóng Pennsylvania Tek-gí.

Hō-miâSiu-kái

Dutch nā chiàu phó͘-thong hoan-e̍k sī "Hô-lân-ê", chóng nā tī chit-ê lí-lō͘ m̄-sí leh kóng Hô-lâng-lâng. Le̍k-sú-ha̍k-kài it-poaⁿ chiap-siū kóng Pennsylvania Dutch chit-ê hō-miâ lāi-bīn ê Dutch, sī tùi kâng gí-goân ê Deitsch ê bîn-kan tàu-jī.^[3]^[4]

Koh lēng-gōa chi̍t khoán lí-lūn sī kóng tī khah-chá ê Eng-gí Dutch ì-sù iáu bô chhiūⁿ kin-á-ji̍t hiah chheng-chhó, m̄ ka-na kóng Hô-lân-lâng, tian-tó sī ē-tàng piáu-sī kok chióng tùi Au-chiu tāi-lio̍k chhut-sin, kóng Sai German giân-gí ê jîn-kûn.^[5]

Chham-chiàuSiu-kái

↑ 2016 American Community Survey, 5-year estimates (https://usa.ipums.org/usa/sda/)
↑ Steven Hartman Keiser: Pennsylvania German in the American Midwest, 2012
↑ Hostetler, John A. (1993), Amish Society, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, p. 241
↑ "Pennsylvania German language, alphabet and pronunciation". www.omniglot.com. 1 April 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Weaver, Kyle R. (2006), "Meet Don Yoder, Dean of Folklife Scholars", Pennsylvania Heritage, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 9–10

Guā-pōo liân-kiatSiu-kái

Organizations

Pennsylvania German

Hiwwe wie Driwwe – The Pennsylvania German Newspaper

Further information

[ACS2016-1] 2016 American Community Survey, 5-year estimates (https://usa.ipums.org/usa/sda/)

[ReferenceA-2] Steven Hartman Keiser: Pennsylvania German in the American Midwest, 2012

[3] Hostetler, John A. (1993), Amish Society, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, p. 241

[4] "Pennsylvania German language, alphabet and pronunciation". www.omniglot.com. 1 April 2018 khòaⁿ--ê.

[5] Weaver, Kyle R. (2006), "Meet Don Yoder, Dean of Folklife Scholars", Pennsylvania Heritage, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 9–10

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]