Pennsylvania Tek-gí (Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch ia̍h Pennsylvania Dutch) sī chi̍t chióng ko-tē Tek-gí; chú-iàu hun-pò͘ tī Bí-kok ê Pennsylvania, Indiana kap Ohio téng chiu. Sú-iōng-chiá tāi-khài ū 15-bān chì 25-bān chó-iū. Só͘-ū Amisch lóng ē-hiáu kóng Pennsylvania Tek-gí.

Pennsylvania Dutch
Pennsylvania German
Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch
Goân-chū kok-ka United States, Canada
Sú-iōng tē-khu

United States:

Canada:

Elsewhere in North America and some spots in Central America
Bîn-cho̍k Pennsylvania Dutch
bú-gí sú-iōng-chiá 237,000 (2016-2020 American Community Survey)[1]
to 350,000 (2012)[2] (L2 speakers: about 3,000)
Gí-hē
Gí-giân tāi-bé
ISO 639-3 pdc
Glottolog penn1240
ELP Pennsylvania German
Linguasphere 52-ACB-he
Blue: The counties with the highest proportion of Pennsylvania German speakers.
Red: The counties with the highest number of Pennsylvania German speakers.
Purple: The counties with both the highest proportion and highest number of Pennsylvania German speakers.
Pennsylavia Dutch is not endangered according to the classification system of the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
Che bûn-chiong pau-hâm IPA hû-hō. Nā-sī bô siong-koan ê jī-hêng chi-oān, lí khó-lêng ē khoàⁿ tio̍h būn-hō, hng-kheng ia̍h-sī khî-thaⁿ hû-hō, bô-hoat-tō͘ chèng-siông hián-sī Unicode jī-goân. Chhiáⁿ lí khoàⁿ Help:IPA.

Hō-miâ

siu-kái

Dutch nā chiàu phó͘-thong hoan-e̍k sī "Hô-lân-ê", chóng nā tī chit-ê lí-lō͘ m̄-sí leh kóng Hô-lâng-lâng. Le̍k-sú-ha̍k-kài it-poaⁿ chiap-siū kóng Pennsylvania Dutch chit-ê hō-miâ lāi-bīn ê Dutch, sī tùi kâng gí-goân ê Deitsch ê bîn-kan tàu-jī.[3][4]

Koh lēng-gōa chi̍t khoán lí-lūn sī kóng tī khah-chá ê Eng-gí Dutch ì-sù iáu bô chhiūⁿ kin-á-ji̍t hiah chheng-chhó, m̄ ka-na kóng Hô-lân-lâng, tian-tó sī ē-tàng piáu-sī kok chióng tùi Au-chiu tāi-lio̍k chhut-sin, kóng Sai German giân-gí ê jîn-kûn.[5]

Chham-chiàu

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  1. 2016 American Community Survey, 5-year estimates (https://usa.ipums.org/usa/sda/)
  2. Steven Hartman Keiser: Pennsylvania German in the American Midwest, 2012
  3. Hostetler, John A. (1993), Amish Society, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, p. 241
  4. "Pennsylvania German language, alphabet and pronunciation". www.omniglot.com. 1 April 2018 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  5. Weaver, Kyle R. (2006), "Meet Don Yoder, Dean of Folklife Scholars", Pennsylvania Heritage, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 9–10

Guā-pōo liân-kiat

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Wikipedia

Organizations

Pennsylvania German

Further information