Pat-kòa (tōng-bu̍t)
Pat-kòa (ha̍k-miâ: Birgus latro) sī siāng tōa chiah ê lio̍k-tē chiat-chiok-tōng-bu̍t. Kang--ê ē-tàng hoat-io̍k kàu 1 kong-chhioh tn̂g (tùi thâu kàu bóe), 17 kong-kin tāng. Pat-kòa ki-pún-siōng sī 1 khoán kià-seⁿ-á. I ū-hoat-tō· iōng i chho·-ióng ê "khîⁿ-á" chiong iâ-chí khak kòng phòa, thang chia̍h lāi-bīn ê iâ-iû.
| Pat-kòa (Coconut crab) | |
|---|---|
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Kho-ha̍k hun-lūi 
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| Kài: | Animalia |
| A-mn̂g: | Crustacea |
| Kong: | Malacostraca |
| Bo̍k: | Decapoda |
| Kho: | Coenobitidae |
| Sio̍k: | Birgus Leach, 1816 |
| Chéng: | B. latro
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| Ha̍k-miâ | |
| Birgus latro (Linnaeus, 1767) [2] | |
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| Hun-pò͘ tô͘; pat-kòa seng-oa̍h tī chúi-sek hoān-ûi lāi ê hái-kîⁿ; âng tiám sī chú-iàu chhe-tē, n̂g-sek sī chhù-iàu--ê. | |
| Siâng-ì-miâ[3] | |
Pat-kòa tī chi̍t-kóa-á gí-giân hō-chò "thó·-húi-hē" a̍h-sī "iâ-á-chha̍t" (Tek-gí: Palmendieb), in-ūi ū sî-chūn ē tùi lâng chhù--lìn sa cháu kim-tang-tang ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ.
Bu̍t-chéng
siu-kái
Birgus latro sī choân sè-kài siāng-kài tōa-chia̍h ê lio̍k-tē-hē. Kang--ê thong-siông pí bó--ê khah tōa-chiah. Bûn-hiàn kì-chài ê tōa-sè bô it-tēng: kin-kù tōa pō·-hūn ê chu-liāu, thang tn̂g 40 cm,[4], siāng tāng kàu 4.1 kg, kha nā chhun tn̂g ē-tàng kàu 0.91 m tn̂g.[5] Ū pò-kò soan-chheng ū 17 kg tāng, 1 m tn̂g ê pat-kòa. Ū lâng jīn-ûi lio̍k-tē chiat-chiok-lūi lí-lūn-siōng bô khó-lêng pí che koh khah tōa. (Chúi-lāi ê chiat-chiok-lūi in-ūi ū chúi tàu phô·, iáu ū khó-lêng khah tōa.)
Pat-kòa ê sin-khu chhin-chhiūⁿ kî-thaⁿ ê cha̍p-chiok-lūi, pun thâu-chêng pō·-ūi (hō-chò thâu-heng-khám, cephalothorax) kap pak-tó· pō·-ūi. Chit-ê sin-khu tàu 10 ki kha. Siāng thâu-chêng hit-tùi kha ū chho·-ióng ê tōa-ki khîⁿ-á, che si̍t-giām chèng-bêng ū gia̍h 29 kg tāng ê hoat-tō·. Khah āu-piah ū 3-tùi kha ū khah sè-ki ê chiáu-thâu, tû-liáu iōng lâi tiàm tē-bīn pê í-gōa, iū-koh ē-tàng pang in peh--khí-lih chhiū-á-téng (6 m koân m̄ sī būn-tê). Siāng bóe-liu hit tùi kha ke chin iù, it-poaⁿ kiu tī sin-khu lāi-té, î-it ê kong-lêng sī chheng in-ê chhoán-khùi khì-koan. Pat-kòa pêng-kin ē-tàng oa̍h 30 chì 60 tang kú (siông-sè jōa kú, bûn-hiàn bô 1-ê tēng-lūn).
Sui-bóng Birgus latro sio̍k-î kià-seⁿ-á ê 1 lūi, kan-taⁿ iù-hē ē tàu khak-á pó-hō· in nńg-nńg ê pak-tó·. Khah sêng-se̍k--ê ū-sî ē the̍h phòa iâ-chí-khak lâi tàu. Chóng--sī sêng-se̍k ê pat-kòa bô teh khàm khak; in pak-tó· pō·-ūi ê khak ke-thiⁿ chitin kap chio̍h-hún ê sêng-hūn lâi ka-kiông bú-chong. Koh, in ē kā bóe chhun tò-oa̍t lâi pó-hō· ē-pêng. Bú-chong--kòe ê pak-tó·-pêng oân-ná ū kiám-chió chúi-hun liû-sit ê lō·-iōng. Î-it ê khoat-tiám tō-sī pak-tó·-pêng su-iàu tēng-kî thǹg khak, thang koh-chài seⁿ sin--ê chhut--lâi. Oāⁿ khak tio̍h khai 30 kang ê sî-kan. Tng chit-ê sî-kî sī pat-kòa siāng chhùi-jio̍k ê sî-chūn, tì-sú in it-poaⁿ ē cháu khì bih.
Chia̍h
siu-káiPat-kòa chú-iàu chia̍h kok-chióng kóe-chí, pau-koah iâ-chí kap bû-hoa-kó. Chóng--sī chí-iàu sī iú-ki--ê lóng ē-chia̍h-tit, chhin-chhiūⁿ hio̍h-á, ku nn̄g, tōng-bu̍t ê sí-thé kap khak-á (ē-tàng pó· Ca). Oa̍h--ê, siuⁿ sô ê tōng-bu̍t oân-ná sī in ê tùi-siōng. Pat-kòa ē hō·-siong thau-the̍h chia̍h-mi̍h.
Pat-kòa ē peh chhiū chia̍h kóe-chí, nà-liâng, a̍h-sī siám-phiah te̍k-jîn. In khui iâ-chí ê kang-hu tī tōng-bu̍t-kài ē-sái kóng chin te̍k-sû. Ū kú-kú 1 tōaⁿ sî-kan ū lâng giâu-gî pat-kòa ū châi-tiāu ngiáu khui iâ-chí. An-chhah tī si̍t-giām-sek lāi ê pat-kòa hō· in chē-chē iâ-chí mā sī iau-iau--sí. Put-jî-kò tī 1980 nî-tāi Holger Rumpf sêng-kong tī iá-gōa koan-chhat tio̍h in khui iâ-chí. In ū te̍k-pia̍t ê ki-su̍t. Ká-sú iâ-chí ê gōa-phôe iáu tī--teh, in ē seng iōng chiáu-thâu kā pak tiāu (tiāⁿ-tio̍h tùi iâ-chí ê 3-ê puh-gê-khang lo̍h-chhiú). Pat-kòa iōng khîⁿ-á ti̍t-ti̍t kòng hit 3 ê khang, kàu phòa chiah siu-soah. Liáu-āu in oa̍t 180-tō·, kái iōng pa̍t-kha khah sè-ki ê khîⁿ-á chiong lāi-bīn ê pe̍h bah ó·--chhut-lâi. Khah tōa-chiah ê pat-kòa ū-hoat-tō· kā iâ-chí thiah chò kúi-nā-tè, khah hong-piān chia̍h.
Tòa
siu-káiSêng-se̍k ê pat-kòa tòa tī lio̍k-tē, it-poaⁿ kéng oá hái ê tē-tiám; lī hái 6 km hn̄g mā ū khó-lêng. In bih tī soa-á a̍h-sī sang thô· lāi ê khang; chio̍h-thâu phāng mā ē-tòa-tit. Ta̍k-chiah pat-kòa ka-kī ó· 1 khut ka-kī tòa. Ji̍t--sî ko·-1-ê bih tòa hia, che tû-liáu ē-tàng pó-hō· ka-kī, mā ū kiám-chió chúi-hun liû-sit ê lō·-iōng. In kā 1-ki kha khòe tī khut-chhùi hit tah, án-ne kā "chhù" hong tiâu leh, thang î-chhî 1-ê sip-sip ê khoân-kéng. Che pang-chān in chhoán-khùi. Pat-kòa sò·-liōng chē ê só·-chāi khòaⁿ-ē-tio̍h ū pat-kòa ji̍t--sī cháu--chhut-lâi-ê. Che kiám-chhái sī chhōe-chia̍h kēng-cheng só· ín-khí ê hêng-ûi. Kiàn-nā lo̍h-hō·-thiⁿ a̍h-sī sip-tō· koân, in oân-ná khéng chhut-lâi.
Pó-io̍k tē-ūi
siu-káiIUCN Âng-miâ-toaⁿ jīn-ûi bo̍k-chêng bô-kàu chu-liāu phoàⁿ-toān pat-kòa ê seng-thài chōng-hóng. It-poaⁿ jīn-ûi pat-kòa tī chi̍t-kóa-á tó-siōng put-chí-á phó·-phiàn, ah tī kî-thaⁿ só·-chāi tō ke chin hi-hán. Hái-hōaⁿ khai-hoat kè-e̍k sok-pa̍k in i-lāi seng-chûn ê thian-jiân khoân-kéng kap tē-pôaⁿ. Jîn-kháu chē--ê só·-chāi kiám-chhái tùi pat-kòa khah put-lī. Kòe-tō· lia̍h oân-ná chō-chiâⁿ sò·-liōng kiám-chió--khì. Pō·-hūn tē-hng ū hoat-kui pó-hō· pat-kòa, khó-pí kóng kìm lia̍h sè-chiah--ê a̍h-sī kìm-chí lâng tī hoân-si̍t-kî-kan lo̍h-chhiú.
Pat-kòa-kiáⁿ te̍k-pia̍t siū lâng ín--ji̍p-lâi ê bah-sit tōng-bu̍t gûi-hāi, chhin-chhiūⁿ kóng niáu-chhí, ti-á, káu-hiā. Sêng-se̍k ê pat-kòa tû-liáu lâng í-gōa, bô kî-thaⁿ ê thian-te̍k. In ê sī-le̍k bái, tio̍h khò cheng-chhek thô·-kha tín-tāng lâi chat te̍k-jîn ê tōng-chēng.
Seⁿ-thòaⁿ
siu-kái5 goe̍h kàu 9 goe̍h (te̍k-pia̍t sī 7~8 goe̍h) sī pat-kòa ê kau-phòe kî. Múi 1 pái ê sî-kan té-té--ah, m̄-koh tōng-chok chin chia̍p, thong-siông tiàm ta-sò ê soa-á-téng chò. Kang--ê, bó--ê seng sio-tak chi̍t--khùn-ah, liáu-āu kang--ê kā bó--ê chhia péng-pêng, khai-sí chìn-hêng, chiân-āu tāi-iok 15 hun-cheng kú. Bó--ê sûi pàng-nn̄g, pēng-chhiáⁿ kā hiah-ê siū-cheng--kòe ê nn̄g kô· tòa pak-tó·-téng, sûi-sin chah tiâu-tiâu iok-lio̍k kúi-nā-kó·-goe̍h. Kàu-kah 10 goe̍h, 11 goe̍h hit-chūn, pat-kòa-bó kui-tīn tán chúi khí-tiòng chiah kā nn̄g kui-thoaⁿ pàng ji̍p-khì hái-chúi lāi-bīn.
Sin iù-hē hō-chò zoea. In tī hái-chúi-lāi phû 28 kang; chit-tōaⁿ sî-kan chē-chē khì hō· pa̍t-khoán seng-bu̍t chia̍h--khì. Chûn-oa̍h--lo̍h-lâi-ê tiàm hái-té kap hái-kîⁿ oa̍h-tōng 28 kang. In chioh khang hái-lê khak-á lâi pó-hō· sin-khu. Hām kî-thaⁿ ê kià-seⁿ-á sio-siâng, kiàn-nā tōa--khí-lâi tio̍h chhōe sin khak lâi tàu. 28 kang kòe-liáu, in tō éng-kiú lī-khui hái, mā sit-khì tī chúi-lāi chhoán-khùi ê châi-tiāu. Nā-chún chhōe bô tú-tú ē ha̍h ê lê-khak, ū-sî-chūn ē chioh phòa-khang ê iâ-chí khak lâi tāi-thè. Sêng-se̍k ê pat-kòa tō lóng oân-choân bô koh-chài phāiⁿ khak. Tùi nn̄g puh--chhut-lâi liáu-āu 4 chì 8 tang chiah sǹg sêng-se̍k, chiah ū thang kau-phòe, seⁿ-thòaⁿ. Tùi kah-khak-lūi lâi kóng sǹg sī put-chí-á tn̂g ê sî-kan.
Hun-pò͘
siu-káiPat-kòa tī Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ kap sai Thài-pêng-iûⁿ ū-tè-chhōe. Sèng-tàn-tó (tī Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ) ū choân sè-kài siāng tōa tīn, pó-chûn liáu siāng chiâu-chn̂g ê pat-kòa tīn. Kî-thaⁿ chú-iàu ê tē-tiám pau-koah Cook Kûn-tó (te̍k-pia̍t sī Pukapuka, Suwarrow, Mangaia, Takutea, Mauke, Atiu kap Palmerston khah sè ê tó), Sesel-tó (te̍k-pia̍t sī Aldabra, Glorieuse, Astove, Assumption, kap Cosmoledo).
In-ūi sêng-se̍k ê pat-kòa bô siû-chúi ê châi-tiāu, si̍t-bîn hiah-ê tó-sū ê pat-kòa tiāⁿ-tio̍h sī iáu ū-hoat-tō· siû ê sè-chiah iù-hē (larvae). Chóng--sī, in-ūi chi̍t-kóa-á tó-sū hn̄g-kīn si̍t-chāi chha thài chē, ū gián-kiù-chiá jīn-ûi iù-hē 28 kang ê sèⁿ-miā-kî bô-kàu gia̍h, ah in èng-kai ū tit-tio̍h kî-thaⁿ hong-sek ê pang-chān, khó-pí kóng tiàm tī phû-chhâ téng-koân sūn hái-chúi ê sè phiau-lōng kàu-ūi.
Pat-kòa ê tē-lí hun-pò· ū chi̍t-kóa-á bêng-hián ê phāng. Khó-pí kóng Ìn-nî Borneo hù-kīn a̍h-sī Papua Sin Guinea. Chiah-ê tó lī pat-kòa khiā-khí ê tē-tiám pēng-bô kóng kài hn̄g, jī-chhiáⁿ koh ū sek-tong ê chûn-oa̍h khoân-kéng, khiok-sī tó-siōng oân-choân bô pat-kòa. Che sī in-ūi tong-tē ê pat-kòa tīn í-keng hō· lâng chia̍h kah bô chhun, tn̄g-chéng khì ah.
Tô͘-siōng
siu-kái-
Pat-kòa — chiân-sī-tô͘ -
Kok-chióng sek-chhái ê pat-kòa -
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Chham-chiàu
siu-kái- ↑ Cumberlidge, N. (2020). "Birgus latro". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T2811A126813586. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T2811A126813586.en.
- ↑ McLaughlin, Patsy (2010). McLaughlin, P. (ed.). "Birgus latro (Linnaeus, 1767)". World Paguroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
- ↑ McLaughlin, Patsy A.; Komai, Tomoyuki; Lemaitre, Rafael; Rahayu, Dwi Listyo (2010). Low, Martyn E.Y.; Tan, S.H. (eds.). "Part I – Lithodoidea, Lomisoidea, and Paguroidea" (PDF). Zootaxa. Annotated checklist of anomuran decapod crustaceans of the world (exclusive of the Kiwaoidea and families Chirostylidae and Galatheidae of the Galatheoidea). Suppl. 23: 5–107. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-22.
- ↑ Piotr Naskrecki (2005). The Smaller Majority. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-674-01915-7.
- ↑ World Wildlife Fund (2001). "Maldives-Lakshadweep-Chagos Archipelago tropical moist forests (IM0125)". Terrestrial Ecoregions. National Geographic. April 15, 2009 khòaⁿ--ê.
Chham-khó bûn-hiàn
siu-kái- Chagos Conservation Management Plan par le Dr. Charles Sheppard et le Dr. Mark Spalding Department of Biology Sciences, University of Warwick UK (Eng-gí)