DNA

DNA sī thoat-sng-hu̍t-thn̂g hu̍t-sng (eng. deoxyribonucleic acid^{[kai 1]}) ê Eng-gí kán-lio̍k, chí 1 khoán kì-chài seng-bu̍t ûi-thoân chu-liāu ê he̍k-sng. Só·-ū ê sè-pau seng-bu̍t kap tōa-hūn ê pēⁿ-to̍k lóng khò DNA chí-tō seng-bu̍t hoat-io̍k ê kòe-thêng. DNA hun-chú sī tn̂g-tn̂g 1 tiâu he̍k-kam-sng ko-chū-bu̍t (polymer). He̍k-kam-sng ê sūn-sī keng-kòe ûi-thoân-bé (genetic code) ê kui-chek tùi-èng kàu nn̄g-pe̍h-chit ê an-ki-sng sūn-sī.

Cho͘-sêng kap kò͘-chō

DNA sī kúi khóan hu̍t-kam-sng hóan-ho̍k pâi-lia̍t ha̍p-sêng ê chi̍t-khóan tn̂g-liān to-thé.^[1]^[2] DNA to-thé lāi ê tan-thé tan-goân hâm lîn-sng-hòa (phosphorylated) ê 2-thoat-sng-hu̍t-thn̂g (2-deoxyribose), keng-kòe glycoside kiat-ha̍p hong-sek chiap tī chi̍t-ê iâm-ki téng. Hia iâm-ki thang hun 4 khoán, to̍h sī adenine, cytosine, guanine ia̍h thymine, in chi kan sī óa-khò phosphodiester kiat-ha̍p sio-chiap--ê. Chiap hó-sè ê tn̂g-liān, àn-chiàu jī-tiông lô-sòaⁿ (double-helix) mô͘-hêng, sī kap lēng-gōa chi̍t tiâu tn̂g-liān siang í chiàn-chhiú hong-hiòng kńg-lê ê hêng-sek, khò chúi-sò͘ kiat-ha̍p ê chok-iōng chiâⁿ tùi ha̍p chò-hóe--ê, siang-pêng ê iâm-ki koh ū it-tēng ê phòe-ha̍p kui-lu̍t. DNA ū khó-lêng í 3 chióng chú-iàu ê kò͘-hêng (conformation) chūn-châi, pau-koat A-DNA, B-DNA kap Z-DNA.^[3]

DNA tn̂g-liān ê khoan-tō͘ ū 2.2 kàu 2.6 nano-bí, kî-tiong chi̍t-ê he̍k-kam-sng ê tn̂g-tō͘ ū 0.33 nano-bí.^[4] Kui-tiâu DNA chin tn̂g, pí-lūn jîn-lūi ê liám-sek-thé 1 hō ū tāi-iok 220,000,000-ê iâm-ki phòe-tùi (base pair, "iâm-ki" sī he̍k-kam-sng ê chi̍t-pō͘-hūn)^[5].

Gián-kiù le̍k-sú

1953 nî, chē-ê gián-kiú-chiá ê lūn-bûn tī tong-nî 4 goe̍h 25 hō ê Nature kho-ha̍k-chì téng-bīn hoat-piáu. Tāi-seng sī Watson kap Crick--ê; koh lâi sī Wilkins, Stokes kap Wilson; tòe āu sī Franklin kap Gosling--ê.^[6]

Chù-kái

↑ ì-sù: "kiám sng-sò͘ ê hu̍t-thn̂g cho͘-sêng ê hu̍t-sng"

Chham-chiàu

Su-chì

Olby, Robert (1994). The Path to the Double Helix: The Discovery of DNA. Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 978-0-486-68117-7.

Chù-kha

↑ Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter Walters (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell; Fourth Edition. New York and London: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1.
↑ Butler, John M. (2001). Forensic DNA Typing. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-147951-0. pp. 14–15.
↑ John Lackie, pian. (2013). "DNA". The Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology (Tē-5 pán.). Academic Press. ISBN 9780123849328.
↑ Mandelkern M, Elias J, Eden D, Crothers D (1981). "The dimensions of DNA in solution". J Mol Biol. 152 (1): 153–61. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1. PMID 7338906.
↑ Gregory S et al. (2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature. 441 (7091): 315–21. doi:10.1038/nature04727. PMID 16710414.
↑ Olby 1994, p. 420

Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ phí-á-kiáⁿ. Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia.

[1] ì-sù: "kiám sng-sò͘ ê hu̍t-thn̂g cho͘-sêng ê hu̍t-sng"

[Alberts-2] Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, and Peter Walters (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell; Fourth Edition. New York and London: Garland Science. ISBN 0-8153-3218-1.

[Butler-3] Butler, John M. (2001). Forensic DNA Typing. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-147951-0. pp. 14–15.

[4] John Lackie, pian. (2013). "DNA". The Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology (Tē-5 pán.). Academic Press. ISBN 9780123849328.

[5] Mandelkern M, Elias J, Eden D, Crothers D (1981). "The dimensions of DNA in solution". J Mol Biol. 152 (1): 153–61. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(81)90099-1. PMID 7338906.

[6] Gregory S et al. (2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature. 441 (7091): 315–21. doi:10.1038/nature04727. PMID 16710414.

[Olby1994-7] Olby 1994, p. 420

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