Thó͘-chheⁿ

Thó͘-chheⁿ (土星, Eng-gí: Saturn) sī thài-iông-hē ê 1 lia̍p hêng-seng. Tùi thài-iông hia sǹg--kòe-lâi sī tī tē-6-ūi, sī thài-iông-hē tē-2 tōa ê hêng-seng, kan-na Bo̍k-chheⁿ koh khah tōa. Thó͘-chheⁿ sī 1 lia̍p gá-suh tōa-hêng-seng (gas giant).

Thó͘-chheⁿ

NASA Kiâⁿ-chûn-chiá 2-hō hip
Miâ-hō
Hō-miâ iû-lâi	Saturn
Kúi-tō sèng-chit
Goân-kî J2000.0
Aphelion	1,514.50 million kilometres (10.1238 AU)
Kīn-ji̍t-tiám	1,352.55 million kilometres (9.0412 AU)
Pòaⁿ-tn̂g chhia-sim	1,433.53 million kilometres (9.5826 AU)
Lî-sim-lu̍t	6998565000000000000♠0.0565
Kúi-tō chiu-kî	7001294571000000000♠29.4571 yr 7008929596608000000♠10,759.22 d 7004244910700000000♠24,491.07 Saturnian solar days
Hōe-ha̍p chiu-kî	378.09 days
Pêng-kin kúi-tō sok-le̍k	9.68 kilometres per second (6.01 mi/s)
Pêng-kin kīn-tiám-kak	7000553304279467243♠317.020°
Khi-pêng	6998433714319120591♠2.485° to ecliptic 6998961676417848877♠5.51° to Sun's equator 6998162315620435473♠0.93° to invariable plane
Seng-kau-tiám ê keng-tō͘	7000198382849427935♠113.665°
Time of periastron	2032-Nov-29
Hn̄g-tiám ê ín-sò͘	7000592350785492860♠339.392°
Known satellites	82 with formal designations; innumerable additional moonlets.
Bu̍t-lí sèn-chit
Pêng-kin poàn-kéng	58,232 kilometres (36,184 mi)
Chhiah-tō poàn-kéng	60,268 kilometres (37,449 mi) 7000944900000000000♠9.449 Earths
Ke̍k-tē poàn-kéng	54,364 kilometres (33,780 mi) 7000855200000000000♠8.552 Earths
Píⁿ-pêⁿ-lu̍t	6998979600000000000♠0.09796
Îⁿ-chiu	365882.4 km equatorial (227348.8 mi)
Piáu-bīn-chek	4.27×1010 square kilometres (1.65×1010 sq mi) 7001837030000000000♠83.703 Earths
Thé-chek	8.2713×1014 cubic kilometres (1.9844×1014 cu mi) 7002763590000000000♠763.59 Earths
Chit-liōng	7026568340000000000♠5.6834×1026 kg 7001951590000000000♠95.159 Earths
Pêng-kin bi̍t-tō͘	0.687 grams per cubic centimetre (0.0248 lb/cu in) (less than water)
Piáu-bīn tiōng-le̍k	10.44 metres per second squared (34.3 ft/s2) 1.065 g
Koàn-sèng in-chú ê lêng-lu̍t	6999220000000000000♠0.22
Thoat-cháu so̍k-tō͘	35.5 kilometres per second (22.1 mi/s)
Hêng-chheⁿ chū-choán chiu-kî	10h 33m 38s Pang-bô͘:+-
Chhiah-tō chū-choán sok-tō͘	9.87 kilometres per second (6.13 mi/s; 35,500 km/h)
Chhia-sim khi-pêng	26.73° (to orbit)
Pak-ke̍k chhiah-keng	40.589°; 2h 42m 21s
Pak-ke̍k chhiah-hūi	83.537°
Hoán-siā-lu̍t	0.342 (Bond) 0.499 (geometric)
Piáu-bīn un-tō͘ siōng-kē pêng-kin siōng-koân 1 bar 134 K (−139 °C) 0.1 bar 84 K (−189 °C)
Bêng-hián-tō͘	−0.55 to +1.17
Kak-ti̍t-kèng	14.5″ to 20.1″ (excludes rings)
Tāi-khì-khoan
Piáu-bīn ap-le̍k	140 kPa
Scale height	59.5 kilometres (37.0 mi)
Thé-chek cho͘-sêng	6999963000000000000♠96.3%±2.4% chúi-sò͘ (H 2) 6998325000000000000♠3.25%±2.4% helium (He) 6997450000000000000♠0.45%±0.2% methane (CH 4) 6996125000000000000♠0.0125%±0.0075% a-mó͘-ní-á (NH 3) 6996109999999999999♠0.0110%±0.0058% tiōng-chúi-sò͘-hòa chúi-sò͘ (HD) 6994700000000000000♠0.0007%±0.00015% ethane (C 2H 6) Peng: a-mó͘-ní-á (NH 3) chúi (H 2O) liû-hòa chúi-sò͘ ammonium (NH 4SH)

Thó͘-chheⁿ ê hêng píⁿ-píⁿ, chhiah-tō kap ke̍k-tē ê ti̍t-kèng cheng-chha beh ū 10% (120,536 km tùi 108,728 km). Che sī in-ūi i chū-tńg ê sok-tō͘ kín, e̍k-thé ê sêng-hūn koân. Pa̍t-lia̍p khì-thé hêng-seng oan-nā ū sio-siâng ê hêng, m̄-koh bô hiah ke̍k-toan. Thó͘-chheⁿ mā sī Thài-iông-hē bi̍t-tō͘ siōng kài kē ê hêng-seng, pêng-kin ê specific bi̍t-tō͘ chiah 0.69, pí chúi ke chin kē. Chóng--sī che sī pêng-kin ê sò͘-ta̍t: tāi-khì-chân ê téng-pêng koh khah kē bi̍t-tō͘, ah i ê he̍k-sim ê bi̍t-tō͘ tō pí chúi ke chin koân.

Thó͘-chheⁿ siōng chhut-miâ ê te̍k-cheng kiám-chhái sī i ê khoân. Galileo Galilei tī 1610 nî iōng i ê chhian-lí-kiàⁿ tāi-seng khoàⁿ--tio̍h, m̄-koh i bô lí-kái hia ê mi̍h sī siaⁿh. Kàu-kah 1655 nî chiah ū Christiaan Huygens iōng 1-thò ke chin ū-la̍t ê chhian-lí-kiàⁿ, koat-tēng Thó͘-chheⁿ ū khoân kho͘ tī goā-bīn. 1675 nî Giovanni Domenico Cassini hoat-hiān hia ê khoân si̍t-chāi sī kúi-nā-ê khah iù ê khoân ha̍p chò-hoé ê, koh khoân kap khoân tiong-ng ū làng-phāng. Āu--lâi ū lâng kā siōng toā ê phāng hō i ê miâ, hō͘-chò Cassini Division.

Pioneer 11-hō tī 1979 nî poe oá Thó͘-chheⁿ. Kiâⁿ-chûn-chiá 1-hō (1980) kap Kiâⁿ-chûn-chiá 2-hō (1981) toè tī āu-piah. Cassini-Huygens thài-khong-chûn tī 2004 nî 7-goe̍h 1 poe ji̍p Thó͘-chheⁿ ê kúi-tō.

Thó͘-chheⁿ ū chin chē lia̍p goe̍h-niû, kî-tiong 30 lia̍p ū hō-miâ. Siông-sè ê sò͘-ba̍k oh koat-tēng, in-ūi se̍h thó͘-chheⁿ ê mi̍h ū bē-chió. Titan sī kui-ê thài-iông-hē î-it 1 lia̍p ū tāi-khì-chân ê goe̍h-niû.