Âng-hái
Âng-hái (紅海; A-la-pek-gí: البحر الأحمر al-Bahr al-Ahmar; Hi-pek-lâi-gí: ים סוף Yam Suf; Tigrinya-gí: ቀይሕ ባሕሪ QeyH baHri; Eng-gí: Red Sea) sī Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ ê 1-ê hái-oan, tiàm-tī A-chiu kap Hui-chiu kau-kài ê só͘-chāi. Thàng hái ê chhùi tī siōng lâm kak, keng-kòe Bab-el-Mandeb Hái-kiap sio-chiap Aden-oan. Í-pak sī Sinai Poàn-tó, Aqaba-oan, kap Suez-oan (thàng Suez Ūn-hô). Âng-hái sī sè-kài siōng pak ê jia̍t-tài hái.
| Âng-hái | |
|---|---|
 Teh Makadi oan ê âng-hái hái-hōaⁿ | |
 Âng-hái sì-kho͘ liàn-tńg ê tē-tô͘ | |
| Ūi-tì | Pak Hui-chiu, Tang Hui-chiu kap Sai-lâm A-chiu |
| Chō-piau | 22°N 38°E / 22°N 38°E |
| Lūi-hêng | Hái |
| Chú-iàu liû-ji̍p | Barka hô, Haddas hô, Anseba hô, Wadi Gasus |
| Chú-iàu liû-chhut | Bab-el-Mandeb Hái-kiap |
| Liû-keng kok-ka | Djibouti, Ai-ki̍p, Eritrea, Saudi A-la-pek, Sudan, kap Yemen |
| Siōng tōa tn̂g-tō͘ | 2,250 km (1,400 mi) |
| Siōng tōa khoah-tō͘ | 355 km (221 mi) |
| Piáu-bīn-chek | 438,000 km2 (169,000 sq mi) |
| Pêng-kun chhim-tō͘ | 490 m (1,610 ft) |
| Siōng tōa chhim-tō͘ | 3,040 m (9,970 ft) |
| 233,000 km3 (56,000 cu mi) | |
Âng-hái lâm-pak iok-lio̍k 1900 km tn̂g, siōng khoah 300 km khah ke. Bīn-chek tāi-iok 450000 km². Hái-té pêng-kin ū 500 m chhim, tī tiong-ng hái-kau (central median trench) hit-tah-á siōng chhim 2500 m. Ū chē-chē chhián-chúi ê hái-kè (shelf) sek-ha̍p hái-seng-bu̍t khiā-khí. Bô-liông-kut ê seng-bu̍t chheng-gōa-chióng, san-ô͘ 200-gōa-chióng.
Oá pak-hoāⁿ ê kok-ka ū Ai-ki̍p, Í-sek-lia̍t, Iok-tàn; sai-hoāⁿ ū Sudan kap Ai-ki̍p; tang-hoāⁿ ū Saudi A-la-pek kap Yemen; lâm-hoāⁿ ū Djibouti, Eritrea, Somalia téng-kok.
Le̍k-sú
siu-káiKó͘-tāi sî-kî
siu-káiSó͘ chai-iáⁿ siāng chá tùi Âng-hái ê thàm-chhâ, sī Kó͘ Ai-ki̍p ê lâng si̍t-hêng--ê, in hit-chūn sī beh kiàn-lio Punt ê siong-gia̍p lō͘-sòaⁿ. Chia kóng thàm-chhâ oa̍h-tāng, kî-tiong chi̍t kái sī ùi Ch. 2500 nî chó-iū, koh chi̍t kái sī tī chha-put-to Ch. 1500 nî (Hatshepsut niá-chhōa). In lóng ū khì kàu tī Âng Hái.[1] Chóng-sī oân-á ū ha̍k-chiá gī-lūn chia thàm-chhâ sī-m̄-sī chin-chiàⁿ ū khó-lêng.[2] Tī sèng-keng ê Chhut Ai-ki̍p Kì, ū kóng tio̍h Í-sek-lia̍t-lâng kiâⁿ kòe chi̍t phìⁿ chúi ê kò͘-sū, che chúi nā chiàu Hi-pek-lâi bûn-su, sī hō chò Yam Suph (Hi-pek-lâi-gí: יַם סוּף). Yam Suph thoân-thóng-siōng hông jīn-ûi tio̍h sī Âng-hái. Chiàu rabbi Saadia Gaon (882‒942 nî), tī i tùi Gō͘-keng (Pentateuch) ê Iû-thài/A-la-pek hoan-e̍k lāi-bīn, jīn hit-ê kòe-hái ê só͘-chāi, sī Âng-hái ê Baḥar al-Qulzum pō͘-hūn, ia̍h tiō sī Suez Hái-oan.[3]
Tī Ch. 6 sè-kí, Pho-su ê Darius Tōa-ông, pat phài lâng khì Âng-hái thàm-lō͘, kì-lio̍k gûi-hiám ê chio̍h-thâu kap tiâu-liû, kái-chìn kiam ka-thiam hâng-hái lō͘-sòaⁿ. Tī Suez, Âng-hái ê pak-pêng bóe, kap Nî-lô-hô tiong-ng, koh ū khí-siat ūn-hô. Tī Ch. 4 sè-kí āu-kî, Alexander Tōa-ông phài chhut Hi-lia̍p hái-kun thàm-chhâ Âng-hái chhut Ìn-tō͘-iûⁿ ê lō͘. Hi-lia̍p ê hâng-hái-ka to̍h it-ti̍t thàm-hiám kiam siu-chi̍p Âng-hái ê chu-liāu. Ch. 2 sè-kí ê sî, Agatharchides siu-chi̍p liáu Âng-hái ê chu-liāu.
Erythraea Hái Àn-lāi-kì (Periplus of the Erythraean Sea), sī Hi-lia̍p-gí siá--ê periplus bûn-su, chok-chiá put-bêng, sī tāi-khài Āu 1 sè-kí ê chok-phín, lāi-iông kì-su̍t Âng-hái ê káng-kháu kap hái-lō͘.[4] Che Periplus, mā kì-su̍t Hippalus sī chóaⁿ-iūⁿ thâu chi̍t kái hoat-kiàn tùi Âng-hái kòe Ìn-tō͘ ê ti̍t-chiap lō͘-sòaⁿ.
Âng-hái chū Augustus thóng-tī sî-kî, sī Lô-má-lâng kah-ì ê Ìn-tō͘ seng-lí lō͘-sòaⁿ, he tng sī Lô-má Tè-kok khai-sí khòng-chè Tē-tiong-hái, Ai-ki̍p kap Âng-hái pak-pō͘ liáu-āu. Chia lō͘-sòaⁿ ūi chá-chêng ê kok-ka to̍h ū leh ēng, m̄-koh tī Lô-má sî-tāi, seng-lí koh ke khah tōa. Tang-iûⁿ ê mi̍h, mā keng-kòe Ìn-tō͘ ê káng-kháu hông sàng kòe Lô-má sè-kài. Hit-chūn Tang-iûⁿ kap Lô-má tio̍h óa-khò Âng-hái kau-thong, kàu-bé hō͘ 3 sè-kí ê Aksum Tè-kok chhiat tn̄g.[5]
Tô͘-phìⁿ
siu-kái
Chham-chiàu
siu-kái- ↑ Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (2006). Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 24. ISBN 0-393-06259-7.
- ↑ Louis, Jaucourt de chevalier (1765). Red Sea. pp. 367–368.
- ↑ Tafsir, Saadia Gaon, s.v. Exodus 15:22, et al.
- ↑ Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe (2006). Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration. W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 32–33. ISBN 0-393-06259-7.
- ↑ East, W. Gordon (1965). The Geography behind History. W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 174–175. ISBN 0-393-00419-8.
Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat
siu-kái
- Red Sea Coral Reefs (Eng-gí)
- Red Sea Photography (Eng-gí)