Chhek lîm pat im

Tshik lîm pat im (hàn-gú: 戚林八音; pîng-uē-jī: Chék Lìng Báik Ĭng), sī Tiong-kok Hok-tsiu ū-miâ ê tē-hng ūn-tsheh [en]. Hong-im 30 jī-bió kah it-jī-tiāu tshut 4-siañ, 15 siañ kū-tsài.^[1] Bing Ka-tsīng ê sî-tsūn, Tshik Kè-kong (poj: Chék Gié-guŏng ) ji̍p-Bân thuè o. Liáu-āu, uân-sîng "Tshik tsham-tsiòng pat-im jī-gī piān-lám" (poj: Chék Chăng-cióng Báik Ĭng Cê-ngiê Biêng-lāng; hàn-gú: 戚參將八音字義便覽). Tshing Khong-hi ê sî-tsūn, tshái-tshú "jī-gī" (字義) ê tsing-iàu lî-tshiáñ kán-huà í-ê ì-sù kiat-kòo, kái-tìng-liáu tsiânn-tsò "Thài-sú Lîm Pik-san sian-sing tsu-gio̍k tông-sing" (poj: Tái-sṳ̄ Lìng Pék-săng Sĭng-săng Ciŏ-ngṳ̆k Dùng-sĭng; hàn-gú: 太史林碧山先生珠玉同聲) tsit-pún tsheh.^[2]"Tshik-lîm pat-im" (戚林八音) tsik-uî "Tshik tsham-tsiòng pat-im jī-gī pēn-lám" (戚參將八音字義便覽) kah "Thài-sú Lîm Pik-san sian-sing tsu-gio̍k tông-sing" (太史林碧山先生珠玉同聲) jī-pōo ūn-su ê ha̍p-tìng-pún.^[2] İú-kuan tsit nn̄g-pún ê tsok-tsiá [en] sī siáñ-lâng, bo̍k-tsên iah-koh bô bîng-khak ê khó-tsìng. Tsit nn̄g-pún tsheh ê ha̍p-tìng-pún sī-iû Hok-tsiu lâng "Tsìn An" (晉安) huê-tsi̍p tī 1749-nî iū-koh tsò sū^[1], Hok-tsiu tē-i̍k ê gú-gên tsik-í "Pat-im" (八音) tòng-tsò jī-sû kui-huān^[1]. Káu kin-á-ji̍t í-king ū 250 guā-nî, "Tshik-lîm pat-im" (戚林八音) sī gén-kiú Hok-tsiu-uē im-ūn [en] ê tiōng-iàu tù-tsok.

"Tshik lîm pat im" jī-ūn-tsheh [en] piân-tsiong

Hēn-tsūn siōng kóo-tsá ê pán-pún "Tshik lîm pat im ha̍p-tìng" (戚林八音合訂), sī Khên-liông nî-kan ê "Ha̍k-hái-tông" (學海堂) bo̍k-khik-pán. M̄-ku liû-thuân siōng-kài-tuā tiāñ-tiāñ hông huan-ìn ê pán-pún uî "Bîn-kok sik-iōng kái-liông Tshik lîm pat im ha̍p-tìng" (民國適用改良戚林八音合訂), 1912-nî ê tshoo-pán. Lán sóo-kóng-ê kái-liông, tio̍h-sī kàu-tìng tsi̍t-kuá tshò-gōo, koh-tsài tsing-ka sañ-kha nn̄g-pōo tiāñ-tiāñ sóo-iōng ê tsi̍t-kuá jī-sû.^[2] Teh Bân-hâu kuān mā-ū tsi̍t-pún 1840-nî tshut-pán ê "Tsi̍p-sin-tông" (集新堂) tsông-pán^[3].

"Tshik pún" (戚本) ê pen-tsip-tsiá khiā-miâ "Sann-san Tshài Tsì-phuàñ Khai-pik sī" (三山蔡士泮開璧氏). "Lîm pún" (林本) ê pen-tsip-tsiá khiā-miâ "Bân-tiong Tîng-san Tîn Tho-iá jîn-sī" (閩中藤山陳他也人氏). Nńg-lâng tsin-si̍t señ-miâ sin-sè, kàu kin-á-ji̍t lóng-bô khak-si̍t khó-kù. Tsit nn̄g-pún tsheh kàu "Ha̍p-tìng-pún" (合訂本) tsìn-tsîng, lóng-iōng tshau-pún lâi thuân-lio̍k. Tsū "Ha̍p-tìng-pún" (合訂本) khai-sí khah-ū khik-pún. M̄-koh Tsìn An tàu-té sóo huê-tsi̍p kàu-tsìng tá-tsi̍t-kuá sū-hāng, mā bô-huat-tōo lâi khó-tsìng1.^[2]

Tshik Kè-kong sī Suañ-tang jîn-sū, i bô-siáñ khó-lîng ē-hiáng siá Hok-kèn-uē ê ūn-su, teh kuan-hong kì-tsài lāi-té mā-bô kóng-tio̍h Tshik Kè-kong ū-siá "Tshik lîm pat im" (戚林八音) tsit-pún tù-tsok ê tsit-khuán suè-huat tsi-luī.^[4]^:12 Lô Siông-puê [zh] kah kî-thañ ê ha̍k-tsiá mā lóng jīm-uî "Tshik pún" (戚本) sī-uî Tîn Tē [zh] sóo-siá hi̍k-tsiá sóo pian-tsip.^[4]^:12 M̄-ku "Tshik pún" (戚本) hap Tîn Tē ê sóo-tsai ê tù-tsok tsi-kan tsûn-tsāi put-siáu tsha-i̍k.^[4]^:23–25 Teh tuā-to-sòo hēn-tāi ê ha̍k-tsiá siong-sìn "Tshik pún" (戚本) sī-iû "Tshài Tsì-phuàñ" (蔡士泮) sóo-siá, m̄-koh kî-thañ ê sìn-sit tō lóng put-bîng.^[5]^:360^[4]^:25–26

"Lîm pún" (林本) ê kiat-kòo hām "Tshik pún" (戚本) khah sio-kāng, Lîm-pún sī tsiò-tio̍h "Lîm Pik-san" (林碧山) tsí-miâ. Lîm Pik-san tsik-kuàn [zh] sī Hok-kèn Bân-hâu-kuān jîn-sū, thong-kuè 1688-nî kho-kú liáu-āu teh Hô-pak té-tsiām tsò-kuè kui-nî kuañ. "Tshik lîm pat im" (戚林八音) sîng-sū nî-tāi khó-lîng siōng-tsá tī 17 sè-kí bua̍t, put-jī-kò pìng-bô kì-tsài piáu-bîng Lîm Pik-san huat-piáu kuè jīm-hô ha̍k-su̍t [en] tù-tsok.[4]:27 Līng-guā tuā-to-sòo hēn-tāi ha̍k-tsiá siong-sìn "Tshik pún" (戚本) sī-iû "Tîn Tho-iá" (陳他也) sóo-siá--ê, put-kò kî-thañ ê sìn-sit kâng-khuán lóng put-bîng.^[5]^:360^[4]^:28

Siann-tiāu hām siú-jī-bú kap ah-ūn siu-kái

Siann-tiāu siu-kái

Pîng-uē-jī ê sì-siañ sī "Piâñ Sióng Khì Ji̍p" (poj: Bìng Siōng Ké̤ṳ Ĭk, hàn-gú: 平上去入), ki-pún-siōng iû sì-siañ "Piâñ Sióng Khì Ji̍p" tsoo-sîng peh-ê siañ-tiāu (poj: siăng-diêu); piáu-sī z̦û-hā:

(1). Siōng-hā (上下), (2). Siōng-siōng (上上), (3). Siōng-khì (上去), (4). Siōng-ji̍p (上入), (5). Hā-pîng (下平), (6). Hā-siōng (下上), (7). Hā-khì (下去), í-kip (8). Hā-ji̍p (下入).

Siann-bió siu-kái

Kah Bân-lâm-gú luī-tsi̍p ngá-sio̍k-thong si̍p-ngóo-im, tōo-kang-su si̍p-ngóo-im tíng-tíng tsia-ê ūn-su siә-kāng, Bān-tang-gú Hok-tsiu-uē pîng-uē-jī mā-ū si̍p-ngóo im ê huat-tén kì-lio̍k; pîng-uē-jī ê 15-ê siañ-bió piáu-sī z̩û-hā:

Liú pen kiû khì kē,	(柳邊求氣低),	/l/, /p/, /k/, /kʰ/, /t/
Po tho tsing ji̍t sî,	(波他曾日時),	/pʰ/, tʰ], /ts/, /n/, /s/
İng bông gú tshut hui,	(鶯蒙語出非),	/Ø/ [en], /m/, /ŋ/, 'tsʰ/, /h/
Tá tsióng ú kun tī.	(打掌與君知).

Tû-liáu hēn-tāi Hok-tsiu-uē tsiâñ bîng-hén ê [n]/[l] lióng-im put-hun, hēn-tāi Bân-tang tē-khu gú-gên ê siañ-bió ket-kòo ki-pún hām "Tshik lîm pat im" (戚林八音) tsit-pún tsu tshut-tsheh ê sî-tsūn sio-kāng.

Ūn-bió siu-kái

"Tshik lîm pat im" ( 戚林八音) lāi-té iah-koh kì-lio̍k tio̍h iōng hit-tang-tsūn ê Hok-tsiu-uē lóng-tsóng 33-ê ūn-bió siá-tsiū ê jī-sû. ("Kim", "Muî", "Tsia", "Jióng" ("金", "梅", "遮", "冗"))^[5]^:360^[4]^:43–45

Tshun-hue phang,	(春花香),	[uŋ/uk], [ua/uaʔ], [ioŋ/iok]
Tshiu-san khui,	(秋山開),	[iu], [aŋ/ak], [ai]
Ka-pin huan-ko su kim-pue.	(嘉賓歡歌須金杯).	[a/aʔ], [iŋ/ik], [uaŋ/uak], [o/oʔ], [y], redundant, [uoi]
Koo-ting kong-hui sio gîn-hông.	(孤燈光輝燒銀缸).	[u/uʔ], [ɛŋ/ɛk], [uoŋ/uok], [ui], [ieu], [yŋ/yk], [oŋ/ok]
Tsi tang-kau,	(之東郊),	[i], [øŋ/øk], [au]
Kuè se-kiâu.	(過西橋).	[uo/uoʔ], [ɛ/ɛʔ], [io/ioʔ]
Ke-sing tshue tshu-then,	(雞聲催初天),	[ie], [iaŋ/iak], [øy], [œ/œʔ], [ieŋ/iek]
Kî-buê uai tsia-kiou.	(奇梅歪遮溝).	[ia/iaʔ], redundant, [uai], redundant, [ɛu]

Kuè-khì kuí-ā-ê sè-kí, Hok-tsiu-uē huat-sing-liáu 3-ê tsú-iàu ê piàn-huà. (1). Khui-pè ūn-bió, tsik-sī siōng-khì, siōng-ji̍p hām hā-khì tíng-tíng ê jiu teh tíng-tíng khuân-kíng tsi-hā tsuán-huà tsó in-ê khui ê hîng-sik; (2).[iu] kap [ieu], [ui] kap [uoi] ê kap-tsò-hué; (3). Ūn-bué [-k] kap [-ʔ] ê sañ-lām-tsham.

Teh tsá-kî Hok-tsiu-uē gén-kiú tang-tiong ê tē-uī siu-kái

Kuí-ā-ê sè-kí í-lâi, "Tshik lîm pat im" lóng hông tong-tē ê lâng iōng-tsò Hok-tsiu-uē ê kuân-ui tsham-khó. "Tshek lîm pat im" iah-koh tsiâñ-tuā ê tshiok-tsìn Hok-tsiu tsá-kî se-hong thuân-kàu-sū ha̍k-si̍p, gián-kiú Hok-tsiu-ue ê tsham-khó-su.^[4]^:213–214 Bí-kok sûn-tō-tsong [en] thuân-kàu-sū Moses Clark White tshut-pán tē-it pōo gián-kiú Hok-tsiu-uē ê gián-kiú su-tsik.^[4]^:215 tuì "Tshik lîm pat im" tsit-pún tsheh Moses Clark White án-ne siá:

"Tshik lîm pat im" sóo-iōng ê siañ-ūn hē-thóng, tsiâñ-tsò (ú siañ-tiāu hû-hō tsò-hué) tsi̍t-thò uân-tsíng ê Hok-tsiu-uē jī-bió-pió. Tsit-ê ji-bió-pió hōo thuân-kàu-sū iōng-kah tsiah-nī tong-ûn, tsú-iàu iōng-teh su-siá kháu-gú sû-kù tíng-kuân, án-ne tō-lâi uân-sîng thuân-kàu-sū in-ê ka-kī ê gén-kiú. "Hok-im-su" í-king ū sañ-pún thong-kuè tsit-tsióng hong-sik jī-lâi huan-i̍k uân-sîng.
— M.C. White^[6]^:354

Uī-tio̍h tit-tio̍h pí huán-tshet hām hàn-jī koh-khah kán-tsia̍t ê piáu-sī siañ-ūn-bió ê hē-thóng, Moses Clark White thàn-iūñ [en] ing-gú gú-gên ha̍k-ka William Jone [en] ê tsuán-im hong-huat; tsit-khuán tsuán-im-huat ē-tàng kā Ìn-tōo, Thài-pîng-iûñ kah Pak-Bí-tsiu tíng-tíng tē-khu ê gú-giân, iōng Latin jī-bó kā sóo-ū ê siañ-ūn-bió lóng phing-siá tshut--lâi.^[6]^:356 Tsū-án-ne Moses Clark White iah uân-sîng Hok-tsiu-uē siōng-tsá ê tsuán-siá khang-khuè. 14 ê sing-bió (lîng sing-bió ah-bē siá) hām 9 ê guân-im sī: ^[6]^:355–356^[4]^:217

Hù-im: ch, ch', h, k, k', l, m, n, ng, p, p', s, t, t'
Guân-im: a, e, è, ë, i, o, ò, u, ü

Moses Clark White ê tsuán-siá āu-lâi hōo āu-tāi ê ha̍k-tsiá put-tuān lâi siu-tsìng, tsia-ê im-ūn piau-tsún-huà liáu-āu tsik-sī pîng-uē-jī.

Tsù-kái siu-kái

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 《戚林八音》晉安序. (Hàn-gí)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 《戚林八音校注》前言，以西曆二〇〇一年刻印。 (Hàn-gí)
↑ 《閩侯新聞網》〈一本珍藏一百七十多年的福州方言字典——戚林八音〉，出版於二〇一五年四月十日。 (Hàn-gí)
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 ^4.7 ^4.8 Li (1993).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Yong & Peng (2008).
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 White (1856).

Tsham-khó bûn-hiàn siu-kái

李如龍 (Lī Ṳ̀-lṳ̀ng) 著, 王升魁注解, "戚林八音校注 (Chék Lìng Báik Ĭng Gáu-cé̤ṳ)", 福建人民出版社 (Hók-gióng Ìng-mìng Chók-bēng-siâ), 2001-5. ISBN 9787211020225 (Hàn-gí)
晉安匯『戚林八音』1749年 (『戚參將八音字義便覧』(16世紀)『太史林碧山先生珠玉同聲』(17-18世紀)合訂本) (Hàn-gí)
Li, Zhuqing (1993), A study of the "Qī Lín Bāyīn" (PhD thesis), University of Washington, OCLC 38703889. (Eng-gí)
White, M.C. (1856), "The Chinese Language Spoken at Fuh Chau", The Methodist Review, 38: 352–381. (Eng-gí)
Yong, Heming; Peng, Jing (2008), Chinese Lexicography : A History from 1046 BC to AD 1911: A History from 1046 BC to AD 1911, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-156167-2. (Eng-gí)

Tsham-ua̍t siu-kái

Chhet-un-khó (切韻考)
University of Washington

Guā-pōo liân-kiat siu-kái

戚林八音歌(一) (Hàn-gí)
如何运用福州方言字典《戚林八音》作者黄世鼎 (Hàn-gí)
About 電子化平話字音表｡戚林八音校注 (Hàn-gí)
An English-Chinese dictionary of the Foochow dialect (Hàn-gí)
馬祖閩東語本字檢索系統(試用版) (Hàn-gí)

[晉安序-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 《戚林八音》晉安序. (Hàn-gí)

[福建人民版八音校注序-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 《戚林八音校注》前言，以西曆二〇〇一年刻印。 (Hàn-gí)

[3] 《閩侯新聞網》〈一本珍藏一百七十多年的福州方言字典——戚林八音〉，出版於二〇一五年四月十日。 (Hàn-gí)

[FOOTNOTELi1993-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 ^4.7 ^4.8 Li (1993).

[FOOTNOTEYongPeng2008-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 Yong & Peng (2008).

[FOOTNOTEWhite1856-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 White (1856).

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