Hiong-káng

Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu (香港特別行政區, Oa̍t-gí: hoeng¹ gong² dak⁶ bit⁶ hang⁴ zing³ keoi¹, Eng-gí: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region), kán-chheng Hiong-káng (香港, Oa̍t-gí: hoeng¹ gong², Eng-gí: Hong Kong), sī Tiong-kok ê chi̍t ê te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu. I ê tē-lí ūi-tì sī tī Chu-kang chhut-hái-kháu chham Lâm Tiong-kok-hái kau-chiap ê só͘-chāi, sī iû Hiong-káng-tó, Kiú-liông pòan-tó, Sin-kài kah hū-kīn 200-gōa-ê sió tó-sū cho͘-sêng. Hiong-káng óa pak-pêng sī Kńg-tang-séng ê Chhim-chùn-chhī, óa se-pêng sī Chu-hái-chhī.

Tiong-hoâ Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu 中華人民共和國香港特別行政區 Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China
Tiong-kok ê te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu
khu-kî khu-hui
Chú-khoân kok-ka	Tiong-kok
Hêng-chèng tiong-sim	Tiong-se-khu
Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân	Hàn-gí, Eng-gí
sêng-jīn ê tē-hng gí-giân	Oa̍t-gí, Eng-gí
Chèng-hú	Siā-hōe-chú-gī kok-ka ê hêng-chèng khoân-hān úi-jiōng (it-kok-lióng-chè)
• Hêng-chèng tiúⁿ-koaⁿ	Lîm Tēⁿ Goa̍t-ngô͘
• Chèng-bū-su-tiúⁿ	Lí Ka-chhiau
• Li̍p-hoat-hōe chú-se̍k	Niû Kun-gān
• Choè-ko hoat-koaⁿ	Tiuⁿ Kí-lêng
Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘	Li̍p-hoat-hōe
Kok-ka Tāi-piáu
• Choân-kok Jîn-tāi	36
• Choân-kok Chèng-hia̍p	203
Bīn-chek
• Lóng-chóng	2,754.97 km2 (1,063.70 sq mi) (tē 168 miâ)
• Chúi-he̍k (%)	59.70
Jîn-kháu
• 2023 nî kó͘-kè	7,498,100
• 2021 nî phó͘-cha	7,413,070
• Bi̍t-tō͘	6,801/km2 (17,614.5/sq mi) (tē 4 miâ)
GDP (PPP)	2024 nî kó͘-kè
• Lóng-chóng	$570.082 cha̍p-ek (tē 38 miâ)
• Pêng-kin	$75,128 (tē 12 miâ)
GDP (bêng-gī)	2024 nî kó͘-kè
• Lóng-chóng	$406.775 cha̍p-ek (tē 38 miâ)
• Pêng-kin	$53,606 (tē 19 miâ)
Gini (2016 nî)	53.9 ko
HDI (2022 nî)	0.956 chin ko · tē 4 miâ
Hoè-pè	Hiong-káng dollar (HK$) (HKD)
Sî-khu	UTC+8 (HKT)
Sî-kan keh-sek	dd-mm-yyyy yyyy年mm月dd日
Siong-iōng tiān-goân	220 V–50 Hz
Khui-chhia hong-hiòng	chó
Tiān-oē khu-hō	+852
Siōng-téng domain	.hk .香港

Le̍k-sú

Sin-chio̍h-khì sî-kî to̍h ū lâng tī chia khiā-khí. Tông-tiâu ê sî, Hiong-káng sio̍k-î Hūi-chiu kóan-ha̍t.

1841 nî, Chheng-tiâu tī Tē-it chhù a-phiàn chiàn-cheng ê sî, hō͘ Eng-kok phah-pāi, liáu-āu siang-hong chhiam-tèng Lâm-kiaⁿ tiâu-iok, chiong Hiong-káng-tó koah hō͘ Eng-kok. Āu--lâi, Chheng-tiau koh-chài 1-pái phah-su Eng-Hoat liân-kun, pī-pek chhiam-tèng Pak-kiaⁿ tiâu-iok, chiong Kiú-liong-tó 1-pō͘-hūn thó·-tē koh-chài kòa hō͘ Eng-kok. Hit-tong-sî ê chheng-tiâu chèng-hù í-keng kiông-beh bô gôan-khì, kàu-kah 19 sè-kí āu-kî, Eng-kok koh-chài phêng kî-thaⁿ ê lí-iû hiòng Chheng-tiâu chèng-hú cho·-iōng hiān-chai ê Sin Kiú-liông kah Sin-kài í-ki̍p hū-kūn 200-gōa-ê tó-sū.

Tiong-hôa bîn-kok kiàn-kok āu, chèng-hú ôan-á siūⁿ-beh lâi chhú-siau hia-ê put-pêng-téng tiâu-iok, bû-nāi kok-le̍k put-chiok, koh in-ūi pîn-hôan ê lāi-chiàn pek-sú Kok-bîn chèng-hú bô êng-kang khó-lū chit-chân tāi-chì. Hit-tong-sî, bōe-chió Hiong-káng-lâng ôan-á chhut-chiⁿ koh chhut-la̍t, ōan-chō͘ Kok-bîn chèng-hú.

Khòng-chiàn po̍k-hoat liáu-āu, chin-chōe Hiong-káng-lâng ti̍t-thàu koan-chîⁿ hō· Tiong-kok, ín-khí Ji̍t-pún hong-bīn chin-tōa ê put-bóan, put-sî hiòng Eng-kok léng-sū-kóan teh khòng-gī. Kàu-kah khòng-chiàn tiong-kî, Sin-kài tē-khu ê bîn-chiòng kēng-ka sī chi-chhî Pat-lō͘-kun, in tiàm Hiong-káng sêng-li̍p bú-chong-tūi, ti̍t-chiap tùi-khòng Ji̍t-pún ê bú-chong sè-le̍k. Che í-āu, Eng-kok chèng-sek soan-pò͘ hiòng Ji̍t-pún soan-chiàn, koh bô-lōa-kú, Ji̍t-pún chiàm-niá Hiong-káng, tiong-kan Ka-ná-tāi kah Ìn-tō͘ ê kò͘-iong-peng bat kúi-ā-pái chham Ji̍t-kun hoat-seng kek-lia̍t ê chhèng-chiàn. 1941 nî ê Seng-tàn-cheh (Ia-tàn-choeh), tng-sî ê Káng-tok soan-pò· hiòng Ji̍t-pún tâu-hâng, chhú-khì Hiong-káng cho-siū Ji̍t-pún lóng-chóng 3-nî 08 go̍eh-ji̍t ê si̍t-bîn thóng-tī.

Khòng-chiàn sèng-lī liáu-āu, sui-jiân Kok-bîn chèng-hú chêng-keng tī Liân-ha̍p-kok tāi-hōe téng iau-kiû beh siu-hoe Hiong-káng, put-jī-kò, khiok-sī in-ūi Kok-Kiōng lāi-chiàn ê éng-hiáng, soah bô-hoat-tō· hiòng Eng-kok chèng-hú thó-hôe kong-tō. 1949 nî, Tiong-kiōng kiàn-li̍p sin Tiong-kok, Tiong-Eng siang-hong chiu Hiong-káng būn-tê ta̍t-sêng hia̍p-gī : Eng-hong kè-sio̍k hêng-sú chú-kôan, Tiong-hong m̄ kan-sia̍p; Eng-kok to̍h-ài sêng-jīn sin Tiong-kok. 1950 nî，Eng-kok piáu-sī sêng-jīn kiōng-sán Tiong-kok. Āu--lâi Tiâu-sián chiàn-cheng pok-hoat, Tiong-kok hām se-hong kok-ka pìⁿ-bīn, chìn-chhut-kháu cho-siū hong-soh, Hiong-káng chôaⁿ chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-kok bu̍t-chu tiong-chóan, hōe-chi̍p chu-kim kah siu-chi̍p sìn-sit ê thang-á-kháu.

1950 nî-tāi hoat-seng kòe iū-phài kang-hōe po̍k-lōan, chhú-khì Kok-bîn chèng-hú ê chêng-pò jîn-ôan pī kìm-chí chhut-ji̍p Hiong-káng.

1970 nî-tāi ê chho͘-kî, in-ūi Sin-kài thó·-tē khè-iok būn-tê koan-hē Kang-Eng chèng-hú tī Hiong-káng e chiân-tô͘, Eng-kok chèng-hú bat kúi-ā-pái hiòng Tiong-kok thê-chhut iân-tn̂g Sin-kài ê cho͘-iok, lóng siū-tio̍h kù-cho̍at. 1970 nî-tāi bóe, Hiong-káng hôe-kui í-keng chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-Eng 2-kok chèng-sek ê gī-tôe, chhú-khì, 2-kok ūi-tio̍h chit-ê būn-tôe sio-cheⁿ beh 20 nî.

1980 nî-tāi chho·-kî, Eng-kok bat thê-chhut chiong Hiong-káng ê chú-kôan kah tī-kôan thiah hun-khui, chú-kôan sio̍k Tiong-kok, tī-kôan iu-gôan hō͘ Eng-kok. Hit-sî, bōe-chió Hiong-káng thôan-thóng siōng-liû siā-hōe chèng-tī-kài kah seng-lí-kài ê cheng-eng ôan-á piáu-sī chi-chhî Eng-kok chèng-hú ê thê-gī. 1-kóa-á khah ū miâ-siaⁿ ê Hiong-káng-lâng bat khì Pak-kiaⁿ hiòng Tēng Siáu-pêng kiàn-gī, khiok-sī lóng-chóng cho-siū Tēng Siáu-pêng kian-koat hóan-tùi. Tiong-kok ê thài-tō͘ sī pit-su kian-koat siu-hōe Hiong-káng, Hiong-káng-lâng ē-tàng hiáng-siū Kang-jîn tī Káng, ko-tō· chū-tī ê kôan-le̍k, che mā chiâⁿ-chò Tiong-Eng tâm-pòaⁿ ûi-it ê kheng-kè.

1984 nî 12 ge̍h 19 hō, Tiong-Eng siang-hong chhiam-tèng Tiong-Eng Liân-ha̍p Seng-bêng. Kin-kù chit-hun seng-bêng, Eng-kok pit-su tī 1997 nî 7 ge̍h 1 hō, kā Hiong-káng ê chú-kôan i-kau hō͘ Tiong-kok, Hiong-kang chiong-ē chiâⁿ-chòe Tiong-kok ê chi̍t-ê te̍k-pia̍t hêng-chèng-khu. Hia̍p-gī sêng-lo̍k kóng, Tiong-kok chèng-hú ē àn-chiàu Tēng Siáu-pêng ê it-kok lióng-chè chèng-chhek, khak-pó Tiong-kok ê siā-hōe-chú-gī chè-tō͘ bōe tiàm Hiong-káng si̍t-hêng, khak-pó Hiong-káng tú-liáu gōa-kau kah kok-hông í-gōa, tī kî-thaⁿ kok hong-bīn hiáng-siū ko-tō· chū-tī, it-ti̍t kàu-kah 50-nî āu ê 2047 nî lóng bē-tàng kái-piàn.

Chêng 1984 nî kàu 1997 nî chi-kan, Hiong-káng chiâⁿ-chòe chôan A-chiu siāng-kài hó-gia̍h ê siâⁿ-chhī chi-it, Hiong-káng ê jîn-kun kok-bîn seng-sán chóng-ti̍t pâi tī chôan-kiû 10-miâ chi-lāi. Sui-jiân châi-gôan kóng-chìn, m̄-koh iu-gôan bōe-tàng am-khàm Hiong-káng-lâng tùi bī-lâi chèng-kôan ê iu-lū. 1989 nî, Tiong-kok hoat-seng Lio̍k-sù thian-an-bûn sū-kiāⁿ liáu-āu, Hiong-káng-lâng chhut-hiān khong-chiân ê sìn-sim gûi-ki, sio-liân-sòa 5-nî chhut-hiān î-bîn ê ko-tiâu. It-ti̍t kàu-kah hôe-kui chêng 1-2-tang, in-ūi se-hong kok-ka ê keng-chè, te̍k-pia̍t sī Ka-ná-tāi kah Ò-chiu chhut-hiān keng-chè soe-thé, Hiong-káng ê î-bîn hiān-siōng chiah tio̍k-pō͘ ún-tēng--lo̍h-lâi.

Kòe-tō͘ sî-kî kàu-kah 1997 6 go̍eh 30 hō siu-soah, Hiong-káng chèng-sek kiat-sok Eng-kok si̍t-bîn thóng-tī. Bô-gî-gō· 3 go̍eh-ji̍t āu, Hiong-káng ê hè-pè siū-tio̍h gōa-lâi chhiong-kek, tē-sán sán-ti̍t tōa-hok-tō͘ hā-po̍ah, in-ūi seng-sán-sòaⁿ gōa-î, Hiong-káng phōaⁿ-ián Tiong-kok chóan-kháu bō·-e̍k ê iu-sè kàng-kē, sit-gia̍p, thong-hōe siu-siok ê būn-tôe lóng-chiau lâi. Te̍k-khu chèng-hú sio-liân-sòa hoat-seng chèng-chhek sit-gō͘, mûi-thé tùi chèng-hú chhāu-chhāu-liām, siā-hōe kok-kài mā chin put-bóan.

Tē-lí

Hiong-káng chóng thó·-tē bīn-chek 1092 k㎡, kî-tiong 75% ê thó·-tē sio̍k kau-iá tē-tāi. Hiong-káng sio̍k A-jia̍t-tāi khì-hāu, kôaⁿ-thiⁿ sī kôaⁿ koh sip, jo̍ah-thiⁿ jo̍ah koh kāu-hō·, chhiu-kùi ū tām-po̍h-á ak-chak-jo̍ah, sam-put-gô͘-sî ē khí-hong-thai. Chóng--si, sè-kùi ji̍t-thâu-kng chhiong-chiok.

Chèng-tī

Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu iû Hiong-káng hêng-chèng tiúⁿ-koaⁿ (tong-tē kóng "tek-siú") choh-ûi chèng-hú léng-tō. Te̍k-siú iû Sóan-kú Úi-ôan-hōe piáu-koat sán-seng. Tē-it kài úi-ôan ê sêng-ôan iû Tiong-kok chèng-hú chí-phái, chhú-khì lóng ài iû Kong-lêng Chó͘-pia̍t sóan-bîn sóan--chhut-lâi. Hêng-chèng tiúⁿ-koaⁿ jīm-kî 5-nî, siōng-chē ē-tàng kèng-sóan liân-jīm 1-pái.

Tē-it-jīm te̍k-siú sī Tàng Kiàn-hôa, tī 1997 nî 7 go̍eh 1 ji̍t chèng-sek chiūⁿ-jīm. 2002 nî 2 go̍eh, Tàng Kiàn-hôa sūn-lī thong-kòe liân-jīm kèng-sóan, jīm-kî àn 2002 nî 7 go̍eh khai-sí kàu-kah 2007 nî 6 go̍eh kiat-sok.

Hiong-káng Li̍p-hoat-hōe sóan-kí tī 1998 nî 5 goeh hām 2000 nî 9 go̍eh kú-héng kòe 2-kài. Àn-chiàu Hiong-káng Te̍k-pia̍t Hêng-chèng-khu Ki-pún-hoat kui-tēng, tē-it-kài li̍p-hoat-hōe siat 60-se̍k, kî-tiong 24-se̍k ti̍t-chiap iu tē-khu sóan-kú sán-seng, 30-se̍k chò-ûi kong-lêng cho͘-pia̍t se̍k-ūi, chhun--ê 6-se̍k iû Sóan-kú Úi-ôan-hōe tâu-piò.

Keng-chè

Hiong-káng sī 1-ê ko-tō͘ i-lāi kok-chè bō͘-e̍k ê chū-iû chhī-tiûⁿ, in-ūi khiàm-khoat chū-jiân chu-gôan, si̍t-phín kah gôan-liāu lóng su-iàu chìn-kháu. Sū-si̍t siōng, chìn-chhut-kháu (pau-koat chóan-kháu ) lóng chhiau-kòe kok-lāi seng-sán chóng-ti̍t, chún-kóng tī iá-bōe hôe-kui Tiong-kok chìn-chêng, Hiong-káng ê bō͘-e̍k kah tâu-chu lóng kah Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k koan-hē bi̍t-chhiat.

Hiong-káng ê jîn-kun seng-sán chóng-ti̍t ē-tàng chham Se-Au 4-ê chú-iàu ê keng-chè-thé sio-pí-pēng. Tī 1989 nî kàu-kah 1997 nî kî-kan, kok-lāi seng-sán chóng-ti̍t múi-nî pêng-kun cheng-hok ta̍t-kàu 5%. 1998 nî A-chiu kim-iông hong-poh chêng-keng hō͘ Hiong-káng cho-siū tîm-tāng ê táⁿ-kek, kok-lāi seng-sán chóng-ti̍t hā-kàng 5%. Hiān-chú-sî lâi kóng, chôan-kiû keng-chè put-kéng-khì tùi Hiong-káng chhut-kháu ôan-á ū chin-tōa ê éng-hiáng.

Jîn-kháu chu-liāu

Jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō͘

Hiong-káng sī chôan sè-kài jîn-kháu bi̍t-tō· siāng-kôan ê só·-chāi chi-it, pêng-kun mui-1-k㎡ tāi-iok khiā 6,700 lâng. Tōa-to-sò· ê Hiong-káng-lâng tòa-tī ko-kip ê lâu-á-chhù lāi-té, pêng-kun 1-hō͘ iû 4-ê lâng cho·-sêng ê ka-têng khiā-chhù bīn-chek chí-ū 400~800 pêng-hong-chhioh.

Chhut-seng lu̍t kah jîn-kháu lāu-hòa

Hiong-káng jîn-kháu ê chhut-seng-lu̍t, tī chôan-kiû 225-ê kok-ka kah tē-khu tang-tiong pai-tī siōng soah-bóe, pêng-kin 1000-ê lâng chiah seng-io̍k 7.23-ê âng-eⁿ-á.[1] Archived 2006-03-10 at the Wayback Machine.。Koh ka-siōng lâng ê siū-miā iú-só· cheng-ka, jîn-kháu lāu-hòa ê thêng-tō· lú-lâi-lú tōa. Àn-chiàu Hiong-káng Chèng-hú Thóng-kè-chhù tī 2004 nî hoat-piáu ê Hiong-káng jîn-kháu thui-sǹg 2004~2033 Archived 2004-09-14 at the Wayback Machine., kó·-kè kàu 2033 nî, chôan-chhī chhiau-kòe 65-hōe ê jîn-kháu chiong ē ta̍t-kàu 27%, pí 2003 nî ê 11%, cheng-tióng ke-chin tōa. Che lóng giâm-tiōng éng-hiáng tio̍h siâⁿ-chhī hoat-tián ê kui-ōa.

Gí-giân

Kńg-tang-ōe (O̍at-gí, Kńg-chiu-ōe,Pe̍h-ōe) sī Hiong-káng tōa-to-sò· lâng sú-iōng ê Hàn-gí hong-giân, lēng-gōa, chió-sò͘ siā-khu tī lāi-pō͘ thang-hêng Hokkien, Siōng-hái-ōe, Tiô-chiu-ōe a̍h-sī Kheh-lâng-ōe.

Hiong-káng hām Tiong-kok ē Kńg-chiu tē-khu pēng-bô ôan-chôan kāng-khóan, Hiong-káng-lâng tī ha̍k-hāu iōng Kńg-tang-ōe kau-ha̍k, Li̍p-hoat-hōe sú-iōng Kńg-tang-ōe hoat-giân kah piān-lūn. Put-jī-kò, ū 1-ê hiān-siōng kài kî-kòai, to̍h-sī kóng, Hiong-káng-lâng teh siá chok-bûn ê sî-chūn ôan-á sú-iōng Phó͘-thong-ōe ê gí-hoat. Hiong-káng chiáu-gôan su-iōng hôan-thé Hàn-jī.

Hiong-káng lēng-gōa 1-ê koaⁿ-hong gí-giân sī Eng-gí. Eng-gí tī Hiong-káng kài sî-kiâⁿ, tī-leh chôan-chhī 114-só· Eng-bûn ha̍k-hāu tang-tiong, chha-put-to lóng-sī iōng Eng-gú kàu-ha̍k (tú-liáu Tiong-kok gí-bûn, le̍k-su kah bûn-ha̍k ). It-chhè tiōng-iàu ê koaⁿ-hong bûn-kiāⁿ lóng-chóng ài ū Eng-bûn pán-pún, ū-ê sīm-chì kan-taⁿ ū Eng-bûn pán-pún--niā-niā. Tī Li̍p-hoat-hōe hōe-gī a̍h-sī tiōng-iàu ê sin-bûn hoat-pō͘-hōe téng, it-poaⁿ lóng ū chek-sî hoan-e̍k.

Put-jī-kò, kīn-nî-lâi Hiong-káng-lâng ê Eng-gí chúi-pêng khiok-sī put-tōan teh hā-kàng.

Chong-kàu

Chha-put-to múi-1-ê chú-iàu ê chong-kàu lóng ē-tàng tī Hiong-káng chhōe-tio̍h sìn-tô·, chú-liû chong-kàu pau-koat Hu̍t-kàu, Thian-chú-kàu, Ki-tok-kàu, Tō-kàu, Hôe-kàu kah Jû-kàu. Ah m̄-koh bô-lūn sī siáⁿ-khóan ê chong-kàu pōe-kéng, tōa-to-sò͘ Hiong-káng-lâng lóng ū chè-pài chó·-kong ê thôan-thóng.

Bûn-hòa

Bûn-hòa o̍ah-tōng

• Hiong-káng bûn-ha̍k
• Hiong-kang tiān-iáⁿ

Goā-pō͘ liân-kiat

• Chèng-hú koaⁿ-hong bāng-chām
• Hiong-káng Lú-iû Hoat-tián-kio̍k