Má-lâi-se-a
Má-lâi-se-a (馬來西亞, Má-lâi-gú: Malaysia), chāi-tē kán-chheng Tōa-má (大馬), tī Sin-ka-pho it-poaⁿ kiò chò Chiu-hú (州府), sī Tang-lâm-a ê 1-ê kok-ka, i ê thó͘-tē hun-chòe 2 tōa pêng, tiong-ng keh Lâm Tiong-kok Hái. Sai-pō͘ sī Má-lâi poàn-tó téng-bīn ê Sai Má-lâi-se-a, óa tī Thài-kok ê lâm-hng, ǹg-lâm sī Sin-ka-pho kah Ìn-nî ê Sumatra-tó; Tang-pō͘ hō chò Tang Má-lâi-se-a, chiap-kin Hui-li̍p-pin, chiàm Borneo-tó ê pak-pêng (kā Bûn-lâi pau tiâu leh), ǹg-lâm sī Ìn-nî.
Má-lâi-se-a Malaysia | |
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 kok-kî
 kok-hui
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Chu-kù: Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu "Thoân-kiat chiū sī le̍k-liōng" | |
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Kok-koa: Negaraku "Goán chó͘-kok" | |
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| Siú-to͘ |
Putrajaya (hêng-chèng) Kuala Lumpur (hoat-tēng) |
| Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī | Kuala Lumpur |
| Koaⁿ-hong gí-giân | Má-lâi-gí |
| Chèng-hú | Liân-pang, gī-hoē-chè, soán-kí kun-chú, kun-chú li̍p-hiàn |
| Ibrahim Iskandar | |
• chóng-lí | Anwar Ibrahim |
| Li̍p-hoat ki-kò͘ | Kok-hoē |
• Siōng-īⁿ | Goân-ló-īⁿ |
• Hā-īⁿ | Tāi-gī-īⁿ |
| Bīn-chek | |
• Lóng-chóng | 330,803 km2 (127,724 sq mi) (tē 67 miâ) |
• chúi-he̍k (%) | 0.3 |
| Jîn-kháu | |
• 2023 nî kó͘-kè | 33,200,000 (tē 43 miâ) |
• Bi̍t-tō͘ | 101/km2 (261.6/sq mi) (tē 116 miâ) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2024 nî kó͘-kè |
• Lóng-chóng |
 $1.306 bān-ek (tē 30 miâ) |
• Pêng-kin |
$39,030 (tē 53 miâ) |
| GDP (bêng-gī) | 2024 nî kó͘-kè |
• Lóng-chóng |
$445.519 cha̍p-ek (tē 36 miâ) |
• Pêng-kin |
$13,315 (tē 67 miâ) |
| Gini (2018 nî) |
 41.2tiong |
| HDI (2022 nî) |
0.807 chin ko · tē 63 miâ |
| Hoè-pè | Má-lâi-se-a ringgit (RM) (MYR) |
| Sî-khu | UTC+8 (MST) |
| Sî-kan keh-sek | dd-mm-yyyy |
| Siong-iōng tiān-goân | 240 V, 50 Hz |
| Khui-chhia hong-hiòng | chó |
| Tiān-oē khu-hō | +60 |
| ISO 3166 tāi-hō | MY |
| Siōng-téng domain | .my |
Má-lâi-se-a chiām-tē bīn-chek chiong-kīn 33-bān k㎡, hái-hōaⁿ-sòaⁿ chôan-tn̂g ta̍t-kàu 4192 kong-lí, kok-ka siú-to͘ sī Kuala Lumpur. In sī 1-ê jia̍t-tài kok-ka, i ê cho̍at-tùi tē-lí hong-ūi sī tī Tē-kiû Chhiah-tō pak-hng 7-tō͘ ê só͘-chāi, tú-tú-hó tī Tang-lâm-a ê tiong-sim tē-tài.
Tē-lí
siu-kái
Khì-hāu
siu-káiMá-lâi-se-a sio̍k-î jia̍t-tài ú-lîm khì-hāu, iân-hái pêⁿ-iûⁿ pêng-kin khì-un 25℃~30℃, soaⁿ-khu pêng-kin khì-un 22℃~28℃.
Le̍k-sú
siu-káiKun-kù ûi-thoân kiam seng-bu̍t-ha̍k gián-kiù, hiān-tāi jîn-lūi tī tāi-khài 40,000 tang chêng to̍h khì kàu Má-lâi Poàn-tó kap Borneo.[1]
Kong-gôan 15 sè-kí chho͘-kî, tī Melaka ûi tiong-sim ê Melaka ông-kok thóng-it Má-lâi pòan-tó ê tōa-pō·-hūn só·-chāi, pēng-chhiáⁿ hoat-tián chiâⁿ-chòe tng-sî Lám-iûⁿ chú-iàu ê kok-chè bō·-e̍k tiong-sim. Kàu-kah 16 sè-kí liáu-āu, chit-ê ông-kok chêng-āu cho-siū se-hong si̍t-bîn chú-gī kok-ka Phû-tô-gâ, Hô-lân kah Eng-kok ê chhim-lio̍k, pēng-chhiáⁿ tī 1911 nî chiâⁿ-chòe Eng-kok ê si̍t-bîn-tē. Tē-jī chhù sè-kài tāi-chiàn kî-kan, Má-lâi-se-a ê 1-pō·-hūn tē-khu bat hō· Ji̍t-pún chiàm-niá, chiàn-cheng kiat-sok liáu-āu, iū-kok hoe-hok Eng-kok ê thóng-tī. 1957 nî 8 goeh 31 hō, Má-lâi-a Liân-pang thoat-lī Eng-liân-pang, si̍t-hêng to̍k-li̍p. 1963 nî 9 go̍eh 16 hō, Má-lâi-a Liân-pang hām Sin-ka-pho, Sarawak, Sabah ha̍p-pèng, sêng-li̍p " Má-lâi-se-a Kok " .
Jîn-kháu
siu-káiMá-lai-se-a chôan-kok chóng jîn-kháu tāi-iok 3-chheng 2-pahbān lâng. Kî-tiong Má-lâi-lâng kah kî-thaⁿ ê gôan-chū-bîn chiām 60%, Tn̂g-lâng (Hôa-jîn) chiām 25%, Ìn-tō·-lâng chiām 7%.
Gí-giân
siu-káiMá-lâi-gí sī Má-lai-se-a ê kok-gí, m̄-koh thong-iōng ê gí-giân khiok-sī Eng-gí, che-í-gōa, Hôa-gí ê sú-iōng hōan-ûi mā put-chí-á khoah. Leng-goa koh u goan-chu-bin e kok-chiong gi-gian.
Chá-kî ê Tn̂g-lâng tōa-to-sò͘ lâi-chū Tiong-kok tang-lâm iân-hái tē-khu. Má-lai-se-a Tn̂g-lâng ê gí-giân, pau-koat Hok-kiàn-oē, Tiô-chiu-oē, Kńg-tang-ōe, Kheh-lâng-ōe, Pak-kiaⁿ-ōe, Hok-chiu-ōe, Hái-lâm-ōe kah kî-thaⁿ ê Tiong-kok hong-giân, kî-tiong ài-sǹg Bân-lâm-gí kah Kńg-tang-ōe ê sú-iōng jîn-kháu siāng-chē.
Chong-kàu
siu-káiIslam-kàu sī Má-lai-se-a ê kok-kàu. Kî-thaⁿ ê chong-kàu chú-iàu sī, Hu̍t-kàu, Ki-tok-kàu kah ìn-tō·-kàu.
Chèng-tī
siu-káiMá-lâi-se-a sī 1-ê liân-pang, mā sī 1-ê ū hiàn-hoat ê ông-kok. Si̍t-chè ê kôan-le̍k tī siú-siòng kah kok-hōe ê chhiú--nih. Kok-ka miâ-gī-siōng siōng-kôan ê léng-tō-lâng sī Yang di-Pertuan Agong, mā sī Islam-kàu ê léng-siù kiam bú-chong pō·-tūi ê Thâu-lâng, iû sóan-kí sán-seng. Gôan-siú chhiú-thâu ū li̍p-hoat, su-hoat kah hêng-chèng ê choè-ko kôan-le̍k, ū jīm-bēng chóng-lí, tông-ì ah-sī kū-cho̍at kái-sàn kok-hōe ê chiong-chióng kôan-le̍k. Gôan-siú ê jīm-kî sī 5-nî. Thóng-tī-chiá gī-hōe sī iû Má-la̍k-kah 4-ê chiu ê chiu gôan-siú kah kok-lāi kî-thaⁿ 9-ê chiu ê sè-si̍p sultan chó·-sêng. Thóng-tī-chiá gī-hōe ê chit-lêng sī tī-leh 9-ê sè-si̍p sultan tang-tiong lûn-liû sóan-kí sán-seng kok-ka ê choè-ko gôan-siú kah hù choè-ko gôan-siú ; sím-gī pēng-chhiáⁿ pan-pō· kok-ka ê hoat-lu̍t, hoat-kui; tùi chôan-kok-sèng ê Islam-kàu būn-tê ū chòe-chiong chhâi-koat-kôan; sím-gī sia̍p-ki̍p Ma-lâi-lâng hām kî-thaⁿ gôan-chū-bîn chi-kan ê te̍k-kôan cheng-gī téng tiōng-tāi ê būn-tôe. Hôan-sī iú-koan "thóng-tī-chiá te̍k-kôan tē-ūi" ê hoat-lu̍t, nā-bô keng-kòe gī-hōe tông-ì, to̍h bōe-tàng thong-kòe. Kok-hōe sī chòe-ko li̍p-hoat ki-kò·, iû " siōng gī-īⁿ " kah " hā gī-īⁿ " chó·-sêng, put-lī-kò, si̍t-kôan khiok-sī chiáng-ak tī lōe-koh chhiú-tiong.
Hêng-chèng-khu
siu-kái- Chham-khó: Má-lâi-se-a ê hêng-chèng-khu
Chham-chiàu
siu-kái- ↑ Virginia Matheson Hooker (2003). A Short History of Malaysia: Linking East and West. Short History of Asia Series. Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86448-955-3.
Chām-gōa liân-kiat
siu-kái
