Taksin Tāi-tè (Thài-kok-gí: สมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช Somdet Phra Chao Taksin Maha Rat thiaⁿ , 1734 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t – 1782 nî 4 goe̍h 7 ji̍t) sī Siam-lô (Thài-kok) Thonburi Ông-kok ûi-it ê kok-ông, 1769 nî kàu 1782 nî chāi-ūi. I ê Tiong-kok miâ-jī kiò chò Tēⁿ Chiau (鄭昭), goân-lâi ê miâ-jī kiò chò Sin (สิน), Tēⁿ Sin (鄭新), Tēⁿ Siⁿ (鄭生) ia̍h Tēⁿ Kok-eng (鄭國英). Hàn-bûn ê bûn-hiàn mā kiò i Kam-un-chhit (甘恩敕) ia̍h Phi-ngá Sin (丕雅新).

Taksin Tāi-tè
สมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช
Boromraja 4-sè
Siam-lô kok-ông
Chāi-ūi 1767 nî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t – 1782 nî 4 goe̍h 6 ji̍t
Tài-koan-sek 1767 nî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t
Chêng-jīm Ekkathat (Ayutthaya Ông-kok)
Kè-jīm Phuttha Yotfa Chulalok (Rattanakosin Ông-kok)
Jī-ông Inthraphithak
Phoè-ngó͘ Batboricha
Kiáⁿ-jî 30 kiáⁿ-jî[1]
Ông-sek Thonburi Ông-tiâu
Lāu-pē Yong Saetae[2]
Lāu-bú Nok-lang (Phithak Thephamat)
Chhut-sì 1734 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t(1734-04-17)
Ayutthaya Ông-kok Ayutthaya
Kòe-sin 1782 nî 4 goe̍h 7 ji̍t (47 hòe)
Thonburi Ông-kok Thonburi Phra Racha Wang Derm
Chong-kàu Hu̍t-kàu

Taksin goân-lâi sī Siam-lô Ayutthaya Ông-kok ê chi̍t ê chiong-kun, i ê a-pa sī Tiô-chiu-lâng î-bîn. 1767 nî, Bián-tiān bia̍t-bông Siam-lô, i khí-peng hoán-khòng Bián-tiān thóng-tī, chiong-kî-boé khoe-ho̍k to̍k-li̍p pēng-chhiáⁿ thóng-it choân-kok. I kiàn-li̍p Thonburi Ông-kok, chiong siú-to͘ khí tī Thonburi (kin-á-ji̍t ê Bangkok Thonburi Khu). Chāi-ūi ê sî-hāu, phah thè Bián-tiān ê ji̍p-chhim, chhim-lio̍k Lanna (Chiang Mai), Láu-o kap Kán-po͘-chē. Lēng-goā, i chek-ke̍k thui-chìn Thài-kok ê kàu-io̍k kap chong-kàu ha̍k-si̍p, kap Tiong-kok, Eng-kok, Hô-lân chò-seng-lí.

Chia̍h-lāu ê i ū khong-tian ê pēⁿ, koaⁿ-liâu kap cheng-lū tùi i put-boán. 1782 nî, i hō͘ Phraya San chèng-piàn lo̍h-tâi. Chiong-kun Somdet Chao Phraya Maha Ksatriyaseuk (Rama 1-sè) tùi Kán-po͘-chē tńg-lâi, tìn-ap Phraya San ê poān-loān, chiong Taksin thâi--sí. Maha Ksatriyaseuk chiūⁿ-tâi chiong siú-to͘ poaⁿ khì Bangkok ê Rattanakosin Tó, kiàn-li̍p Rattanakosin Ông-kok kap Chakri Ông-tiâu.

Kin-á-ji̍t Thài-kok-lâng chin chun-kèng i, chiong i kiò chò Taksin Tāi-tè ia̍h Thonburi Tāi-tè (สมเด็จพระเจ้ากรุงธนบุรี Somdet Phra Chao Krung Thonburi).

Seng-pêng siu-kái

Chá-kî siu-kái

Taksin tī Ayutthaya Hú chhut-sì, i ê lāu-pē Yong Saetae (Tiong-kok miâ: Tēⁿ Iông 鄭鏞 ia̍h Tēⁿ Ián 鄭偃) sī Ayutthaya Ông-kok siu-soè ê koaⁿ-liâu, tùi Tiong-kok Kńg-tang ê Têng-hái lâi kàu chia.[2][3] Taksin lāu-bú Nok-iang sī Siam-lô lâng.[4] Taksin iáu sī gín-á-kiáⁿ ê sî-hāu, Siam-lô ê Samuhanayok (siú-siòng) Chao Phraya Chakri (Mut) tùi i ìn-siōng chin chhim, chiū-án-ne chiong i siu chò ka-kī ê ióng-chú, khí miâ-jī kiò chò Sin (สิน), tī Thài-gí lāi-bīn sī "chu-pó" ê ì-sù. 7 hoè ê sî-hāu ji̍p Wat Kosawat (chia biō-sī kin-á-ji̍t kiò Wat Choeng Tha)[5] chò hoê-siūⁿ chò 3 nî, tī chia sî-kî i kap Thongduang (Rama 1-sè) piàn-sêng hó-hiaⁿ-tī. Ū khoàⁿ-miā-sian kóng in í-āu lóng ē chò kok-ông.[6] I ha̍k-si̍p Tiô-chiu-oē, Oa̍t-lâm-oē kap Ìn-tō͘ ê oē, kóng ê chin liàn-tńg. Āu--lâi i hō͘ kok-ông Ekkathat jīm-bēng chò Tak Hú ê thài-siú, chiok-ūi sī Phraya Tak (พระยาตาก), tùi chia sî-hāu khai-sí i hō͘ lâng kiò chò "Taksin".

1764 nî, Bián-tiān chhim-lio̍k Siam-lô ê lâm-pō͘. Bián-tiān chiong-kun Maha Nawrahta phah kàu Phetchaburi Hú ê sî-hāu, i kap Kosadhibodhi chiong Bián-tiān pēng phah thè. 1765 nî, hō͘ jīm-bēng chò Kamphaeng Phet Hú ê thài-siú, chiok-ūi Phraya Vajiraprakarn (พระยาวชิรปราการ); m̄-koh i bô khì Kamphaeng Phet chiūⁿ-jīm, in-ūi Bián-tiān tī chia sî-hāu pau-ûi siú-to͘ Ayutthaya, i tī siú-to͘ chham-ka chiàn-tàu.

Hóng-khòng Bián-tiān kap to̍k-li̍p siu-kái

 
Chantaburi ê Taksin tiau-siōng.

1767 nî 1 goe̍h 3 ji̍t, i kám-kak siú-to͘ bô-hoat-tō͘ hông-siú, toà-niá 500 lâng cháu khì Rayong. 4 goe̍h 7 ji̍t, Ayutthaya hō͘ Bián-tiān pēng chiàm-niá, kok-ông Ekkathat gō--sí. Taksin tī Rayong khí-peng hoán-khòng Bián-tiān thóng-tī, Luang Yokkrabat (Tongduang) kap Nai Sudchinda (Boonma) cháu lâi chi-chhî i. 7 goe̍h 15 ji̍t, Taksin ê pō͘-tūi tī àm-mê chiàm-niá Chanthaburi. Chonburi kap Trat boē siū kàu Bián-tiān ê chhim-lio̍k, hia ê chin chē lâng lâi chham-ka i ê pō͘-tūi. Í-āu Chonburi kap Trat sī Taksin tiōng-iàu ê ki-tē.[7][8]

Bián-tiān chiàm-niá Ayutthaya í-āu, jīm-bēng Suki chò Ayutthaya chóng-tok. Bián-tiān ê chú-le̍k pō͘-tūi thiat-lī Siam-lô, tiàu khì phah Chheng-kok ê Hûn-lâm. 1767 nî 11 goe̍h 6 ji̍t, Taksin toà phiaⁿ 5000 lâng, iû Chao Phraya Hô chiàm-niá Thonburi, thâi--sí Bián-tiān jīm-bēng ê chóng-tok Thong-in.[9] Toā-táⁿ ê i hut-jiân phah Phosamton (Ayutthaya hū-kīn) ê Bián-tiān pō͘-tūi, siu-ho̍k siú-to͘ Ayutthaya.[8]

Taksin choē tio̍h Ekkathat ê sí-thé, chiong i hoé-chòng.[10] I khó-lêng sī in-ūi Ayutthaya í-keng húi-bia̍t, siu-lí chia siâⁿ tio̍h sái kok-ka chin chē chu-goân, pēng-chhiáⁿ Bián-tiān-lâng ē-hiáu Ayutthaya ê jio̍k-tiám, chiong-kî-boé i soán-te̍k Thonburi chò sin ê siú-to͘ . Thonburi tī hái-kîⁿ, i bē iông-ī hō͘ Bián-tiān lio̍k-kun ji̍p-chhim; pēng-chhiáⁿ tī Chao Phraya Hô ê ji̍p-hái-kháu, siōng-iû ê iá-sim-ka bô-hoat-tō͘ tit kàu bú-khì kap pó͘-kip, chiū-án-ne bô-hoat-tō͘ kiàn-li̍p ka-kī ê to̍k-li̍p kok-ka.[11] Taksin tī Thonburi teng-tiàu sū-peng, siu-soè, khí siâⁿ; nā-sī siū kàu kong-kek, iā ū hoat-tō͘ chē chûn thiat-thè kàu Chanthaburi.[12]

Teng-ki kap thóng-it choân-kok siu-kái

 
Taksin ê ka-bián gî-sek.

1767 nî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t, Taksin tī Phra Racha Wang Derm teng-ki ûi Siam-lô kok-ông.[13] I ê chun-hō sī Krung Phra Maha Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Boromraja 4-sè kap Phra Sri Sanphet, tān-sī kin-á-ji̍t Thài-kok-lâng it-poaⁿ kiò i Phraya Tak, Sin ia̍h Thonburi Tāi-tè. Hái-kîⁿ ê Thonburi hō͘ khak-tēng chò siú-to͘ , chia tē-hng sek-ha̍p hoat-tián bō͘-e̍k. M̄-koh i chāi-ūi ê sî-hāu Siam-lô it-ti̍t chiàn-cheng, bô-hoat-tō͘ chiong i khí siâⁿ toā siâⁿ-chhī.[14][15]

Ayutthaya Ông-kok bia̍t-bông ê sî-hāu, Siam-lô bô kok-ông, hun-lia̍t siâⁿ 5 ê kok-ka. Borommakot ê kiáⁿ Krom Muen Thep Phiphit chiàm-iú Nakhon Ratchasima; Chao Phraya Phitsanulok (Rueng Rochonkul) chiàm-iú Phitsanulok kap Nakhon Sawan, soan-pò͘ to̍k-li̍p; Sawangburi ê hoê-siūⁿ thâu-lâng Chumnum Chao Phra Fang chiàm-iú Uttaradit, chū-chheng kok-ông; tī Siam-lô lâm-pō͘, Chao Phraya Nakhon Si Thammarat (Nu) chiàm-iú Nakhon Si Thammarat, mā soan-pò͘ to̍k-li̍p.[16]

Kióng-kò͘ ka-kī tī Thonburi thóng-tī í-āu, Taksin koat-tēng thóng-it kok-ka. I seng phah Phitsanulok, tān-sī sit-pāi.[17] Choè-āu, i koat-tēng seng phah choè jio̍k-sè ê Thep Phiphit. 1768 nî, i tìn-ap Thep Phiphit, chiong i thâi--sí. Chao Narasuriyawong kè-sio̍k hoán-khòng, Taksin chiàm-niá Phimai, Chao Narasuriyawong sit-chong.[18]

1769 nî, Taksin phài Phraya Chakri (Thongduang) phah Nakhon Si Thammarat, tī Chaiya chiàn-pāi. Taksin ka-kī chham-ka chiàn-tàu, choè-chong phah iâⁿ. Pattani ê sultan lia̍h tio̍h Chao Phraya Nakhon Si Thammarat, sàng hō͘ Taksin.[19] Taksin sià-bián i ê choē, niū i toà tī Thonburi.

1770 nî, Taksin chiàm-niá Phitsanulok kap Uttaradit, Chao Phra Fang cháu khì Bián-tiān. Taksin choè-chong thóng-it Siam-lô.

Bián-tiān ê ji̍p-chhim siu-kái

Bián-tiān ông Hsinbyushin bô pàng-sak niū Siam-lô khut-ho̍k ê kè-oē; thiaⁿ-kóng Taksin tī Thonburi kiàn-kok, i tī 1767 nî bēng-lēng Tavoy ê chóng-tok cheng-ho̍k Siam-lô. Bián-tiān pō͘-tūi kiâⁿ kàu Samut Songkhram, hō͘ Taksin phah thoè.[20] Tiong-kok ji̍p-chhim Bián-tiān, Hsinbyushin bô-ta-oâ kiò i ê toā pō͘-tūi tńg khì tí-khòng.

Āu-boé Bián-tiān kap ta̍t-sêng hô-pêng hia̍p-gī, Hsinbyushin tī 1774 nî koh phài 5,000 lâng chhim-lio̍k Siam-lô. Chia pō͘-tūi tī Ratchaburi ê Bangkeo hō͘ Taksin pau-ûi, in-ûi bô mi̍h-chia̍h, put-tek-í hiòng Taksin tâu-hâng. Taksin goân-lâi beh chiong in lóng thâi--sí, tān-sī choè-chiong koat-tēng chiong in lia̍h lâi thê-ko Thài-kok-lâng ê sū-khì.[21] jiân-āu i siau-bia̍t Kanchanaburi ê Bián-tiān oān-pēng. 1775 nî 10 goe̍h, Hsinbyushin koh phài Maha Thiha Thura lâi phah Siam-lô. Maha Thiha Thura sī Bián-tiān chhut-miâ ê chiong-kun, i sī tùi Tiong-kok chiàn-cheng ê chóng-su-lēng, í-chêng tìn-ap koè Peguan ê poān-loān.

 
Bangkeo chiàn-tàu

Bián-tiān pō͘-tūi keng-koè Siam-lô ê Melamao Koān, kiâⁿ kàu Phitsanulok, poàⁿ-lō͘ chiàm-niá Phichai kap Sukhothai. Bián-tiān piaⁿ pau-ûi Phitsanulok, Chao Phraya Chakri (Thongduang) kap Chao Phraya Surasih (Boonma) toà piaⁿ tī siâⁿ-thâu tí-khòng 4 goe̍h-ji̍t. Chao Phraya Surasih chia lâng hō͘ kiò chò Phraya Sua ("Phraya hó͘"), chèng-bêng i chò tāi-chì chân-jím pēng-chhiáⁿ kui-khì.[22] M̄-koh in-ûi bô mi̍h-chia̍h, kui-boé Chakri kap Surasih hòng-khì Phitsanulok, thiat-thè kàu Phetchabun. 1776 nî 4 goe̍h, Bián-tiān pō͘-tūi chiàm-niá Phitsanulok, tō biān-lîm bô mi̍h-chia̍h ê būn-tê. Tī chia sî-hāu Hsinbyushin koè-sin, Singu Min siōng-tâi. Singu Min bēng-lēng tùi Siam-lô thiat-thè. Bián-tiān pēng tī 9 goe̍h oân-choân hō͘ koáⁿ chhut Siam-lô.[23][24]

Taksin jīn-ûi Bián-tiān lâng chiàm-niá Chiang Mai (Lanna) sī tùi Siam-lô pak-pō͘ ê chin toā ui-hia̍p. Nā-sī bô-hoat-tō͘ chiàm-niá Chiang Mai, tō bô-hoat-tō͘ î-chhî chia tē-hng ê hô-pêng.[25] 1771 nî, i tī Phichai phah thè Bián-tiān piaⁿ í-hāu ji̍p-chhim Chiang Mai, tān-sī siū kàu goân-kiông tí-khòng í-āu i koat-tēng thiat-thè.[26] Phichai tī 1773 nî iū siū kàu Bián-tiān piaⁿ ui-hia̍p, hō͘ chóng-tok Phraya Phichai (Thongdi) toà piaⁿ phah thè. Phraya Phichai tī chiàm-tàu tiong chiong ka-kī ê daab (Thài-kok kiàm) phah tn̄g, chiū-án-ne tit kàu Daap Hak ("tn̄g liáu ê kiàm") ê goā-hō. Chao Phraya Chakri (Thongduang) kap Chao Phraya Surasih (Boonma) toà piaⁿ kàu Lampang, nn̄g ê Bián-tiān chiong-kun Phraya Chaban kap Phraya Kawila poān-piàn lâi chi-chhî Siam-lô, chham-ka Chakri tùi Chiang Mai ê pau-ûi-chhiàm. Taksin toà piaⁿ chi-oān Chakri, choè-āu tī 1775 nî 1 goe̍h chiàm-niá liáu chia. Chaban hō͘ jīm-bēng chò Chiang Mai chóng-tok (hong-hō Phraya Wichienprakarn); Phraya Kawila hō͘ jīm-bēng chò Lampang chóng-tok, Phraya Waiwong hō͘ jīm-bēng chò Lamphun chóng-tok.[27]Chao Phraya Chakri lâu tiàm chia pang-chān in tìn-ap pak-hng ê poān-loān, koh cheng-ho̍k Láu-o. Láu-o (Luang Prabang kap Vientiane) hō͘ Bián-tiān īng chò kè-sio̍k hiòng tang khok-tiong ê ki-tē, 1776 nî, Bián-tiān chiong 6,000 lâng lâu tī Láu-o. Chiang Mai jîm-kháu chin chió pēng-chhiáⁿ khah khêng, bô-hoat-tō͘ hông-siú. Taksin bēng-lēng hòng-khì chia siâⁿ, chiong lâng choán-î kàu Lampang. 5 nî í-āu, Taksin tiông-sin chiàm-niá Chiang Mai.[28]

Phah Kán-po͘-chē kap Oa̍t-lâm siu-kái

1769 nî, Kán-po͘-chē hoat-seng hūn-loān, Ang Non (Ang Non 2-sè, Ramaraja) kap Ang Ton (Outey 2-sè, Narairaja) nn̄g ê hiaⁿ-tī cheng-to̍at ông-ūi, Ang Ton siū kàu Oa̍t-lâm ê chi-chhî chò liáu kok-ông, Ang Non cháu lâi Siam-lô. Taksin chiong che sū-kiāⁿ tòng-chò khòng-chè Kán-po͘-chē ê chioh-kháu, phài piaⁿ sàng Ang Non tńg khì chhiúⁿ ông-ūi, tān-sī bô sêng-kong.[29][30] Keh-nî, i koh hoat-tōng tùi Kán-po͘-chē ê chiàn-cheng, bē siūⁿ chiong Oa̍t-lâm Nguyễn Chú ê piaⁿ koáⁿ chhut Kán-po͘-chē. Kin-kì Oa̍t-lâm bûn-hiàn ê kì-chài, nn̄g ê Ayutthaya cháu khì kok-goā: Chao Sisang (jī-ông Thammathibet ê kiáⁿ) cháu khì Kán-po͘-chē; Chao Chui (Aphai Ông-chú ê kiáⁿ, Thai Sa ê sun-á) cháu khì Hà Tiên (河僊, Hô-sian), tī hia hō͘ Oa̍t-lâm Hà Tiên ê chóng-tok Bo̍h Sū-lîn (莫士麟, Mạc Thiên Tứ) siu-liû.[31] Siam-lô piaⁿ choè chhoe chiàn-pāi, tān-sī tī 1771 nî kap 1772 nî phah iâⁿ Oa̍t-lâm piaⁿ, niū Ang Non teng-ki chò kok-ông. 1771 nî, Siam-lô chiàm-niá Hà Tiên, Bo̍h Sū-lîn cháu-khì Gia Định (嘉定, Hồ Chí Minh Chhī). Taksin jīm-bēng Tiô-chiu-lâng Phraya Phiphit (Tân Liân, 陳聯, Trần Liên) chò Hà Tiên ê chóng-tok. Tī Kán-po͘-chē ê sit-pāi ín-khí Oa̍t-lâm kok-lāi ê poān-loān, put-tit-í Nguyễn Chú tī 1773 nî kap Siam-lô ta̍t-sêng hô-kái, sêng-jīn Ang Non sī Kán-po͘-chē kok-ông. Ang Non hong Ang Ton (Outey) chò Maha Upayuvaraja ("siap-chèng thài-siōng-ông"), Ang Ton ê toā-hiaⁿ Ang Tham chò Maha Uparaja ("hù-ông"). Chioh-toà 3 nî ê Bo̍h Sū-lîn tńg kàu Hà Tiên.[32] 1777 nî, Oa̍t-lâm hoat-seng Tây Sơn poān-loān, thui-hoan Nguyễn Chú ê chèng-khoân, chiong Nguyễn Phúc Thuần kap Nguyễn Phúc Dương thâi--sí. Taksin siu-liû chin chē cháu lâi Siam-lô ê Oa̍t-lâm koaⁿ-liâu, kî-tiong ū Bo̍h Sū-lîn. Nguyễn Ánh siūⁿ-beh kap Taksin kiat-bêng, tān-sī Nguyễn Huệ sàn-pò͘ iâu-giân, Taksin choè-āu chiong Bo̍h Sū-lîn thâi--sí.

Ang Non tùi ông-ūi ê an-pâi chin put-boán, 1777 nî, Ang Non chiong Ang Ton kap Ang Tham àm-sat. 1780 nî Kán-po͘-chē ông-chú Talaha (Mu) khí-peng poān-loān, ín-chhoā Oa̍t-lâm piaⁿ thâi--sí Ang Non, li̍p Ang Eng chò kok-ông. Taksin li̍p ka-kī ê kiáⁿ Inthraphithak chò Kán-po͘-chē kok-ông, phài Somdet Chao Phraya Maha Ksatriyaseuk toà 20,000 piaⁿ khì phah Kán-po͘-chē, m̄-koh choè-āu in-ūi Siam-lô hoat-seng loē-loān, Siam-lô piaⁿ tī 1782 nî tùi Kán-po͘-chē thiat-thè.

Phah Láu-o siu-kái

1777 nî, Champasak kun-chú chi-chhî Siam-lô tang-pō͘ Nang Rong ê chóng-tok khí-peng poān-loān. Taksin phài Chao Phraya Chakri khì tìn-ap, thâi--sí Nang Rong chóng-tok. Tī Chao Phraya Surasih ê chi-oān hā, Chakri bia̍t-bông Champasak, chiong kun-chú Chao O thâi-thâu. Taksin chin hoaⁿ-hí, hong Chakri chò Somdej Chao Phraya Maha Kasatsuek Piluekmahima Tuknakara Ra-adet, che sī Siam-lô choè ko ê chiok-ūi.

Keh-nî, Vientiane ông-chú Pra Voh poān-loān, cháu kàu Champasak, toà tī Ubon hū-kīn ê Don Mot Daeng, siū kàu Siam-lô ê pó-hō͘. Siam-lô piaⁿ thiat-thè í-āu, Vientiane kok-ông Ong Boun phài lâng phah Don Mot Daeng, chiong Pra Voh thâi--sí. Taksin jīn-ûi che tāi-chì sī tùi ka-kī chin toā ê bú-jio̍k, 1778 nî, phài Maha Kasatsuek toà 20,000 lâng phah Vientiane. Luang Prabang kok-ông Suriyavong 2-sè kap Ong Boun bē-hô, hiòng Siam-lô khut-ho̍k, toà piaⁿ pang-chān Maha Kasatsuek pau-ûi Vientiane.[33] Siam-lô piaⁿ tī 4 goe̍h ji̍t í-āu chiàm-niá Vientiane, Ong Boun cháu khì sim-lîn. Maha Kasatsuek chiong Phra Kaeo Morakot kap Phra Bang nn̄g ê hu̍t-siōng toà tńg Thonburi. Chiông-chhú Láu-o ê nn̄g ê kok-ka Luang Prabang kap Vientiane piàn-sêng Siam-lô ê hù-sio̍k-kok (附屬國).[34]

Keng-chè, bûn-hoà kap chong-kàu siu-kái

 
Lô-má Kok-ka Phok-bu̍t-koán ê Taksin oē-siōng.

Taksin tī Thonburi kiàn-kok ê sî-hāu, peh-sèⁿ bô mi̍h-chia̍h, bô saⁿ chhēng. Taksin ē-hiáu ka-kī ê khùn-kéng, iu-sian kái-koat keng-chè ê būn-tê. I ēng ka-kī ê chîⁿ chhut koân kè khip-ín hoan-á seng-lí-lâng toà lâi ū-gia̍h ê seng-oa̍h pit-su-phín, i koh boé lâi hun-phoè hō͘ peh-sèⁿ, sàng in tńg-chhù, chiū-án-ne kok-ka ê tia̍t-sū khoe-ho̍k, keng-chè ho̍k-so͘. [35]

1777 nî ê bûn-hiàn kóng kàu, Thài-kok ê tiōng-iàu siong-phín ū hó͘-phek (琥珀), n̂g-kim, pó-chio̍h, ngē iân téng-téng. Taksin kó͘-lē Hoâ-jîn (te̍k-pia̍t sī Tiô-chiu-lâng) lâi Siam-lô tēng-ki,[36] tī it-tēng thêng-tō͘ siōng ū niū keng-chè ho̍k-so͘[37] kap thê-ko lô-tōng-le̍k ê bo̍k-te̍k.[38] I chāi-ūi ê toā pō͘-hūn ūi-liáu î-chhî kok-ka ê to̍k-li̍p chiàn-tàu. Hoâ-jîn tī keng-chè ê éng-hióng-le̍k chiām-chiām khok-tāi, ín-khí Ayutthaya kùi-cho̍k ê hoán-tùi. Chò-thâu hoán-tùi ê sī Bunnag ka-cho̍k, chia ka-cho̍k ê chó͘-sian sī sìn-hōng I-su-lân ê Pho-su seng-lí-lâng, sè-tāi koaⁿ pài Ayutthaya Ông-kok ê Phra Klang (káng-kháu kap châi-chèng pō͘-tiúⁿ).[39]

Siam-lô ê phâng-chûn kiâⁿ kàu Phû-tô-gâ léng Ìn-tō͘ Goa ê Surat, tān-sī chèng-sek ê goā-kau koan-hē iáu boē khak-tēng. 1776 nî, Tāi Britain Ông-kok ê Francis Light sàng lâi 1,400 ê sūi-hoat-chhèng (燧發銃, flintlock) kap kî-thaⁿ lé-bu̍t. Taksin bēng-lēng tùi Eng-lân boé chhèng. 1777 nî, Eng-kok léng Ìn-tō͘ ê Madras chóng-tok George Stratton sàng i chi̍t ê ēng pó-chio̍h chò chng-thāⁿ ê n̂g-kim chò ê to-siù.[40]

1770 nî, Terengganu kap Batavia (kin-á-ji̍t Jakarta) ê goân-chū-bîn sàng i 2,200 sàn-tān-chhèng (散彈銃, shotgun).[41]

Taksin chhim-ji̍p tiông-kiàn kok-ka ê hoat-lu̍t tia̍t-sū, koh chip-hêng chi̍t ê kong-kiōng hok-lī kè-oē. I ki̍p-sî kiù-chèng Hu̍t-kàu khoân-ui kap peh-sèⁿ ê pháiⁿ-phiah, chiong chia̍h-mi̍h kap saⁿ sàng hō͘ ū su-iàu ê lâng.[42]

Taksin tùi pau-koat bú-tō kap hì-kio̍k chāi lāi gē-su̍t lóng ū hèng-chhù. 1769 nî, Taksin tìn-ap liáu Chao Phraya Nakhon Si Thammarat í-āu, chiong Chao Nakhon ê cha-bó͘ bú-tō-ka (舞蹈家) toà tńg Thonburi, niū in kap kî-thaⁿ tē-hng lâi ê bú-tō-ka àn-chiàu Ayutthaya ê bô͘-sek hùn-liān chhut chi̍t ê hông-ka bú-thoân (舞團). Taksin chhin-chhiú siā 4 khek Ramakian ê chhah-khek (插曲), niū in pâi-liān piáu-ián.[43][44]

Taksin khì pak-hng tìn-ap Chao Phra Fang ê sî-hāu, hoat-hiān hia ê hoê-siūⁿ tùi ka-kī m̄ giâm-keh kap bô siu-ióng. I iau-chhiáⁿ siú-to͘ ê Hu̍t-kàu khoân-ui khì hia kàu-io̍k hoê-siūⁿ, niū in hû-ha̍p Hu̍t-kàu ê ki-pún kàu-gī. M̄-koh i thóng-tī sî-kan khah té, iáu bô-hoat-tō͘ chhim-ji̍p si̍t-hiān.

Thonburi kè-sêng Ayutthaya ê Sangha chè-tō͘.[45] I ín-chún Hoat-kok thoân-kàu-sū lâi Siam-lô, tī 1780 nî pang-chān in kiàn-lia̍p kàu-tn̂g.

Kap Tiong-kok ê koan-hē siu-kái

 
Tiong-kok Kńg-tang Têng-hái-khu „Tēⁿ Hông Taksin kong-hn̂g“ (郑皇达信公园) ê ji̍p-kháu.

1767 nî Bián-tiān chiàm-niá Ayutthaya í-āu, Bián-tiān kap Chheng-kok hoat-seng chiàn-cheng. Siam-lô hō͘ Bián-tiān ji̍p-chhim ê sū-kiāⁿ iā siū kàu Chheng-kok ê kéng-kak (警覺). Taksin phài 3 ê goā-kau sú-thoân (使團) khì Tiong-kok, iau-kiû Khiân-liông Hông-tè chhek-hong (冊封) ka-kī chò Siam-lô kok-ông. Tān-sī Oa̍t-lâm ê Hà Tiên (河僊, Hô-sian) chóng-tok Bo̍h Sū-lîn (莫士麟, Mạc Thiên Tứ) hiòng Chheng-kok khòng-kò i sī chi̍t ê chhoàn-ūi-chiá (篡位者).[46][47] Bo̍h Sū-lîn iā siu-iông Ayutthaya ê ông-chú Chao Chui.[31][48][49][47] Chheng-kok bô sêng-jīn i ê thóng-tī, tān-sī jīm-ûi Siam-lô sī tùi-khòng Bián-tiān ê bêng-iú. Kàu 1772 nî, Taksin chiàm-niá Hà Tiên, thâi--sí Chao Chui, Khiân-liông Hông-tè chiah sêng-jīn i sī ha̍p-hoat ê kok-ông.[50]

Thài-kok ê Tiô-chiu-lâng tùi Taksin ê teng-ki kòng-hiàn chin toā. In-ûi Taksin ū it-poaⁿ ê Tiô-chiu-lâng hiat-thóng, i ēng chia lâi hō-tiàu Tiô-chiu kiâu-bîn. Tiô-chiu kiâu-bîn chi-chhî i chia̍h-mi̍h kap chiàn-cheng pit-su-phín, niū i ū hoat-tō͘ kiàn-kok. Tn̂g-kú lâi khoàⁿ, ū hoat-tō͘ chi-hù kok-ka khai-siau, î-chhî ông-ka, kùi-cho̍k kap hù-jū seng-lí-lâng ka-têng.[51]

Tâng sî-kî ê François Henri Turpin kóng i chia lâng chin tāi-hong, hia sî-hāu ê pháiⁿ-miā-lâng ǹg-bāng put-chài chheng-hân. Taksin khí kong-khò͘ lâi kiù-chè peh-sèⁿ. Tī i chāi-ūi sî-hāu, châi-sán kap sèⁿ-miā an-choân tiông-sin tit kàu pó-chiong. M̄-koh i tùi hoan-choē-chiá chin giâm, hoat-lu̍t hō͘ choan-chè chú-tāi, choè āu ín-khí poān-loān.[52]

Taksin ê chó͘-sian sī Tiô-chiu-lâng, só͘-í siū kàu Thài-kok Hoâ-jîn ê chông-pài, chiong i kiò chò Tēⁿ Ông-kong (鄭王公, แต่อ่วงกง). 1921 nî, chi̍t ê i ê i-koan-bō͘ kap chó͘-biō khí tī Tiong-kok Kńg-tang-séng Têng-hái-koān ê Hoâ-hù-chhun (tī kin-á-ji̍t Soàⁿ-thâu-chhī Têng-hái-khu Siōng-hoâ-tìn).[53] Chia bō͘ hō͘ Soàⁿ-thâu lâng kiò chò „Tēⁿ Ông bō͘“ (郑王墓), bō͘-pi siá „Siam-lô Tēⁿ Hông Taksin Tāi-tè i-koan-bō͘“ (暹罗郑皇达信大帝衣冠墓). 1984 nî 12 goe̍h 5 ji̍t, í „Tēⁿ Sìn i-koan-bō͘“ (郑信衣冠墓) ê miâ lia̍t ji̍p Têng-hái-khu bûn-bu̍t tiōng-tiám pó-hō tan-ūi (澄海区文物保护单位). Sirindhorn Kong-chú tī 1998 nî lâi chia hóng-būn koè. Kin-á-ji̍t chia bō͘ hū-kīn sī chi̍t ê kong-hn̂g, kiò chò „Tēⁿ Hông Taksin kong-hn̂g“ (郑皇达信公园).

Chia̍h-lāu siu-kái

Thài-kok le̍k-sú-ha̍k-ka kóng, in-ūi hiat-thóng ê būn-tê tùi i éng-hióng put-lī, Taksin khai-sí tùi chong-kàu chin chhi-bê. I siong-sìn ka-kī tī bī-lâi sêng Pu̍t, hi-bāng chiong ka-kī ê hoeh tùi âng-sek piàn-sêng pe̍h-sek. I khai-sí liān-si̍p bêng-sióng (冥想), tùi hoê-siūⁿ ián-káng. Kèng-ka giâm-tiōng ê sī, i kiông-pek cheng-lū hō͘ ka-kī ū-liû (預流, sotāpanna) ê ūi-kai, ēng-lâi chèng-bêng ka-kī ta̍t kàu Sù-hiòng sù-kó (四向四果) lāi-bīn ê tē 1 kip. I ê hêng-ûi niū Siam-lô Hu̍t-kàu ê kàu-hoē hun-lia̍t. Kū-choa̍t sêng-jīn i sī sîn-bêng (神明) ê cheng-lū (僧侣) hō͘ i ēng sut-á phah, phoàⁿ in chò lô͘-lē.

Lēng-goā, in-ūi nî-nî chiàn-cheng, Siam-lô keng-chè chin kín-tiuⁿ, moá-sì-kè ê ki-hng, chhiúⁿ-kiap kap hoān-choē. Koaⁿ-liâu chin hú-pāi, ap-pek peh-sèⁿ. Só͘-í Taksin ēng chin tiōng ê hêng-hoa̍t chhú-hoa̍t in, niū koaⁿ-liâu tùi i phó͘-phiàn put-boán.

Kin-kì Hoat-kok thoân-kàu-sū M. Descourvieres ê kóng-hoat, i toā pō͘-hūn sî-kan tī--leh kî-tó, chai-kài (齋戒) ia̍h-sī bêng-sióng, hi-bāng ka-kī poe kàu thiⁿ-téng. 1782 nî ê sî-hāu, i í-keng ū khong-tian ê pēⁿ, chiong bû-ko͘ ê koaⁿ-liâu kap ka-kī bó͘-kiáⁿ kuaiⁿ ji̍p kaⁿ-lô, pek in jīn-choē.[54]

1782 nî, Phraya San tī àm-mê hoat-tōng chèng-piàn,[55] chiàm-niá Thonburi. Taksin bô chò hoán-khòng hiòng i tâu-hâng. I iau-kiû pó-miā, kàu Wat Chaeng (kin-á-ji̍t Wat Arun) chò hoê-siūⁿ.[56] Thonburi hoat-seng giâm-tiōng ê hūn-loān. Somdet Chao Phraya Maha Ksatriyaseuk (Rama 1-sè) thiaⁿ-kóng í-āu, tùi Kán-po͘-chē tńg-lâi, tìn-ap poān-loān, khoe-ho̍k liáu siú-to͘ ê tia̍t-sū.

Kin-kì Thài-kok hông-ka pian-nî-sú ê kóng-hoat, Maha Ksatriyaseuk koat-tēng hùi-tû Taksin ê ông-ūi, phoàⁿ i sí-hêng. Maha Ksatriyaseuk jīn-ûi i ê hêng-ûi bē tō-tek bē kong-chèng, tùi kok-ka siong-hāi chin toā, só͘-í eng-kai phoàⁿ sí-hêng.[56] Taksin iau-kiû kap Maha Ksatriyaseuk kìⁿ-bīn, Maha Ksatriyaseuk kī-choa̍t. 1782 nî 4 goe̍h 10 ji̍t, Taksin tī Phra Racha Wang Derm piⁿ-á ê Wichai Prasit thâi-thâu, tī Wat Bang Yi Ruea Tai lo̍h-chòng. Maha Ksatriyaseuk chū-chheng kok-ông, chiong siú-to͘ poaⁿ khì Bangkok ê Rattanakosin Tó, kiàn-li̍p Rattanakosin Ông-kok kap Chakri Ông-tiâu.[57]

Oa̍t-lâm ê bûn-hiàn kóng Taksin sī tī Wat Chaeng siū Thài-kok ông-cho̍k ê kan samret thot duai thon chan hêng-hoa̍t, long ji̍p moâ-tē lāi-bīn ēng kùn-á phah--sí.[58] Kî-thaⁿ kì-lo̍k kóng phah--sí ê sī i ê thè-sin, i hō͘ Maha Ksatriyaseuk ún tī Nakhon Si Thammarat soaⁿ-khu, i tī 1825 nî chiah koè-sin.[59]

Taksin kap i cha-bó͘-lâng ê kut-hu lo̍h-chòng tī kin-á-ji̍t Thonburi Khu Wat Intharam ê nn̄g ê siá-lī-thah (舍利塔, stupa) lāi-bīn.[60]

Tùi chèng-piàn ê phêng-lūn siu-kái

Iáu bē-hiáu Maha Ksatriyaseuk (Rama 1-sè) tī chia chèng-piàn lāi-bīn sī ián siáⁿ kak-sek. Oa̍t-lâm ê hông-ka pian-nî-sú kóng chia̍h-lāu ê i ū khong-tian ê pēⁿ, chiong Maha Ksatriyaseuk kap Surasih ê kiáⁿ-jî kuaiⁿ ji̍p kaⁿ-lô. Che tāi-chì niū nn̄g ê hiaⁿ-tī chin put-boán, só͘-í kap nn̄g ê Oa̍t-lâm chiong-kun Nguyễn Hữu Thoại (阮有瑞) kap Hồ Văn Lân (胡文璘) kau pêng-iú, chiù-choā tī āu-pái sio-kīng. Bô-goā-kú Siam-lô hoat-seng chèng-piàn, Ksatriyaseuk tńg kàu Thonburi, chiong Taksin thâi--sí. Ū ê Oa̍t-lâm bûn-hiàn kóng Taksin hō͘ Ksatriyaseuk phài lâng àm-sat;[61][62] kî-thaⁿ ê kóng i sī hō͘ phoàⁿ sí-hêng kong-khai thâi--sí.[63] Phraya San iā tī chia sū-kiāⁿ lāi-bīn koè-sin.

Lēng-goā ê koan-tiám jīn-ûi Maha Ksatriyaseuk (Rama 1-sè) bē-sióng chò kok-ông, khòng-kò Taksin sī chi̍t ê Tiong-kok-lâng, í-āu ê le̍k-sú tùi Rama 1-sè ê teng-ki ha̍p-hoa̍t-hoà. Chiàu Nidhi Eoseewong ê kóng-hoa̍t, Taksin sī chi̍t chióng sin-sek ê léng-tō-jîn, i chiong kok-ka ê khoân-le̍k hā-hòng kàu Hoâ-jîn sin kùi-cho̍k, in sī i chiàn-cheng ê chú-iàu pang-chō͘-chiá.[64] Maha Ksatriyaseuk kap i ê chi-chhî-chiá sī Ayutthaya kū kùi-cho̍k, tùi chia piàn-hoà chin put-boán. Tān-sī chia koan-tiám bô chù-ì kàu Maha Ksatriyaseuk ka-kī iā ū Hoâ-jîn hiat-thóng, pēng-chhiáⁿ chhoā Taksin ê chi̍t ê chá-bó͘-kiáⁿ chò sè-î. Bûn-hiàn iā bô kok-ông kap Hoâ-jîn seng-lí-lâng in-ūi bí-kè khòng-chè-khoân hoat-seng chhiong-tu̍t ê kì-chài. Lūn-chin lâi kóng, Maha Ksatriyaseuk tī hia sî-hāu í-keng sī khoân-le̍k choè toā ê kùi-cho̍k, choè ū chiâm-le̍k chò sin ê léng-tō-jîn.

Kî-thaⁿ koan-tiám jīn-ūi Siam-lô khiàm Tiong-kok ê chè chin chē, bô-hoat-tō͘ hêng siàu. Ūi-tio̍h chhú-siau chè-bū, Taksin jīm-bēng Maha Ksatriyaseuk chò kok-ông, ké-chong ka-kī hō͘ i thâi--sí.[65] Tān-sī kin-kì Tiong-kok bûn-hiàn ê kì-chài, Rama 1-sè ún-moâ ka-kī kap Taksin ê chin-si̍t koan-hē; tùi Tiong-kok ê goā-kau siōng, Rama 1-sè ēng Tēⁿ Hoâ (鄭華) ê ké-miâ, ké-chong ka-kī sī Taksin ê kiáⁿ,[66][67] ēng lâi chèng-bêng ka-kī sī Siam-lô ông-ūi ê ha̍p-hoat kè-sêng-chiá.[68]

Ûi-sán siu-kái

 
Wongwian Yai ê Taksin Tāi-tè tiau-siōng.

Ū kek-chìn ê le̍k-sú-ha̍k-ka jīn-ûi Taksin sī chi̍t ê kap Ayutthaya kok-ông bē it-iūⁿ ê kok-ông, i tī chhut-sin, chèng-chhek kap léng-tō hong-sek tāi-piáu chi̍t ê sin ê kai-kip (階級). Tùi Rattanakosin Ông-kok kiàn-li̍p kàu 1932 nî Siam-lô Kek-bēng ûi-chí ê sî-kî lāi-bīn, Taksin bô chiūⁿ kî-thaⁿ Siam-lô kok-ông hit khoán siū kàu chun-kèng, in-ūi Chakri Ông-tiâu ê kok-ông kiaⁿ ka-kī ê ha̍p-hoat-sèng ui-hia̍p. 1932 nî, Siam-lô hùi-tû choa̍t-tùi kun-chú-chè, khai-sí bîn-chú sî-tāi, Taksin siū kàu koh-khah chē ê chun-kèng, piàn-sêng bîn-cho̍k eng-hiông. Plaek Pibulsonggram téng-téng ê chiong-kun hi-bāng bí-hoà le̍k-sú siōng te̍k-tēng ê jîn-bu̍t, ēng lâi soan-thoân ka-kī bîn-cho̍k-chú-gī, khok-tiong-chú-gī (擴張主義) kap ài-kok-chú-gī ê chèng-chhek.

Chi̍t ê 9 kong-chhioh koân ê Taksin tiau-siōng li̍p tī Thonburi ê Wongwian Yai, tī Prajadhipok, Inthara Phithak, Lat Ya, Somdet Phra Chao Taksin 4 tiâu lō͘ tiong-ng. Taksin chiàⁿ-chhiú gia̍h kiàm, khiā tī 8.90 × 1.80 × 3.90 kong-chhioh ê ki-chō siōng. Chia kì-liām-pi tī 1954 nî 4 goe̍h 17 ji̍t kiat-bō͘. Kin-á-ji̍t, Taksin ka-bián chò kok-ông ê ji̍t-kî 12 goe̍h 28 ji̍t hō͘ khak-tēng chò "Taksin Tāi-tè Ji̍t" (วันสมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช), tān-sī m̄-sī kong-chiòng ká-kî. Tī chit ji̍t, Thài-kok kok-ông ē lâi chia tùi i piáu-sī chun-kèng.[69]

Chantaburi chhī-chèng-thiaⁿ tùi-bīn ke ū Taksin khiâ-bé ê tiau-siōng, pinn--á poê-phoāⁿ sī i ê 4 ūi tiong-sêng ê chiong-kun: Pra Chiang-ngen (Phraya Sukhothai), Luang Pichai-asa (Phraya Phichai), Luang Prom-sena kap Luang Raj-saneha.[70]

1981 nî, Thài-kok gī-hoē thong-koè koat-gī, hō͘ i "Tāi-tè" (大帝, มหาราช) ê thâu-hâm. Thài-kok Gîn-hâng hoat-hêng tē 12 pán choá-phiò, lóng-chóng ū 10 baht, 20 baht kap 100 baht, oē ê lóng sī Thài-kok le̍k-sú siōng ê kúi ê "Tāi-tè". 20 baht oē ê sī Taksin.[71]

Kiáⁿ-jî siu-kái

Taksin ū 21 ê kiáⁿ-jî:[1]

  • Kong-chú Praphaiphak
  • Kong-chú Sumali
  • Ông-chú Thamrong
  • Kong-chú Lamang
  • Kong-chú Sangwan
  • Ông-chú Khanthawong
  • Ông-chú Mekhin
  • Ông-chú Isinthon
  • Ông-chú Bua
  • Ông-chú
  • Ông-chú Nu Daeng
  • Kong-chú Sut Chatri
  • Ông-chú Noi (Chao Phraya Nakhon Si Thammarat)
  • Ông-chú Thong-in (Chao Phraya Nakhon Ratchasima)

Chù-kái siu-kái

  1. 1.0 1.1 ธำรงศักดิ์ อายุวัฒนะ. ราชสกุลจักรีวงศ์ และราชสกุลสมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช (ēng Thài-kok-gí). Bangkok: สำนักพิมพ์บรรณกิจ. p. 490. ISBN 974-222-648-2. 
  2. 2.0 2.1 Lintner, p. 112
  3. Woodside 1971, p. 8.
  4. Wyatt, 140
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  6. พระราชวรวงศ์เธอ กรมหมื่นพิทยาลงกรณ์. สามกรุง (ēng Thài-kok-gí). Bangkok: สำนักพิมพ์คลังวิทยา. pp. 54–58. 
  7. "Art&Culture ,100" (ēng Thài-kok-gí). Crma.ac.th. goân-loē-iông tī 2009-06-22 hőng khó͘-pih. 2010-03-29 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  8. 8.0 8.1 W.A.R.Wood, p. 253
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  11. Damrong Rajanubhab, p. 385
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  17. Damrong Rajanubhab, pp. 414–415
  18. Damrong Rajanubhab, p. 430
  19. Damrong Rajanubhab, pp. 423–424
  20. Damrong Rajanubhab, pp. 411–414
  21. Damrong Rajanubhab, p. 462
  22. Damrong Rajanubhab, pp. 491–492
  23. Wood, pp. 265–266
  24. Damrong Rajanubhab, pp. 493–495
  25. Wood, pp. 259–260
  26. Damrong Rajanubhab, p. 435
  27. Wood, pp. 263–264
  28. Damrong Rajanubhab, p. 530
  29. Wood, pp. 257–258
  30. Damrong Rajanubhab, p. 427
  31. 31.0 31.1 รัฐศาสตร์สาร ปีที่ 37 ฉบับที่ 2 (พฤษภาคม-สิงหาคม 2559). กรุงเทพฯ: โรงพิมพ์มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์. p. 1-23. ISBN 978-616-7308-25-8. 
  32. Barnes, p. 74
  33. Wood, p. 268
  34. Wyatt, p. 143
  35. Collected History Part 65. Bangkok, 1937, p. 87
  36. Lintner, p. 234
  37. Baker,Phongpaichit, p. 32
  38. Editors of Time Out, p. 84
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  40. "The Madras Despatches, 1763–1764" (PDF). goân-loē-iông (PDF) tī April 28, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. March 29, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  41. "400 years Thai-Dutch Relation: VOC in Judea, Kingdom of Siam". goân-loē-iông tī April 28, 2011 hőng khó͘-pih. March 29, 2010 khòaⁿ--ê. 
  42. Syamananda, p. 95
  43. Amolwan Kiriwat. Khon:Masked dance drama of the Thai Epic Ramakien Archived April 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine..'.' Retrieved October 6, 2009.
  44. Pattama Wattanapanich: The Study of the characteristics of the court dance drama in the reign of King Taksin the Great, 210 pp.
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  56. 56.0 56.1 Chris Baker; Pasuk Phongpaichit. A History of Ayutthaya. Cambridge University Press. p. 268. ISBN 978-1-107-19076-4. 
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  71. Wararat; Sumit (February 23, 2012). "The Great Series". Banknotes > History and Series of Banknotes > Banknotes, Series 12. Bank of Thailand. June 7, 2013 khòaⁿ--ê. 20 Baht Back—Notification Date November 2, 1981 Issue Date December 28, 1981 

Chham-khó siu-kái

  • Anthony Webster. Gentleman Capitalists: British Imperialism in Southeast Asia 1770–1890. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 1-86064-171-7. 
  • Bertil Lintner. Blood Brothers: The Criminal Underworld of Asia. Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 1-4039-6154-9. 
  • Carl Parkes. Moon Handbooks: Southeast Asia 4 Ed. Avalon Travel Publishing. ISBN 1-56691-337-3. 
  • Chris Baker, Pasuk Phongpaichit. A History of Thailand. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81615-7. 
  • Chula Chakrabongse, Prince. Lords of Life : A History of the Kings of Thailand. Alvin Redman Limited. 
  • Damrong Rajanubhab, Prince (1920). The Thais Fight the Burmese (ēng Thài-kok-gí). Matichon. ISBN 978-974-02-0177-9. 
  • David K. Wyatt. Thailand: A Short History. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03582-9. ; Siamese/Thai history and culture–Part 4
  • Donald K. Swearer (2004). Becoming the Buddha: The Ritual of Image. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-11435-8. 
  • Editors of Time Out. Time Out Bangkok: And Beach Escapes. Time Out. ISBN 1-84670-021-3. 
  • Gary G. Hamilton (2006). Commerce and Capitalism in Chinese Societies. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-15704-8. 
  • Nidhi Eoseewong (2007). Commerce and Capitalism in Chinese Societies (ēng Thài-kok-gí). Matichon. ISBN 978-974-02-0177-9. 
  • Paul M. Handley. The King Never Smiles. London : Country Life. ISBN 0-300-10682-3. 
  • Prida Sichalalai. (December 1982). "The last year of King Taksin the Great". Arts & Culture Magazine, (3, 2).
  • Rong Syamananda (1990). A History of Thailand. Chulalongkorn University. ISBN 974-07-6413-4. 
  • Thomas J. Barnes. Tay Son: Rebellion in 18th Century Vietnam. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 0-7388-1818-6. 
  • W.A.R. Wood (1924). A History of Siam. Chiengmai. 
  • William B. Dickinson (1966). Editorial Research Reports on World Affairs. Congressional Quarterly. 

Gōa-pō͘ liân-kiat siu-kái

 

Wikimedia Commons téng ê siong-koan tóng-àn: Taksin

Taksin
Chiap-sio̍k
Ekkathat
(Ayutthaya ông)
Siam-lô kok-ông
1767 nî–1782 nî
Kè-sio̍k
Phuttha Yotfa Chulalok (Rama 1-sè)
(Rattanakosin ông)