Cerium

Cerium sī 1 ê hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘. I ê goân-chú-hoan sī 58, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō sī Ce.

Cerium,  ₅₈Ce

Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō	cerium, Ce
Gōa-hêng	silvery white
Cerium tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
– ↑ Ce ↓ Th lanthanum ← cerium → praseodymium
Goân-chú-hoan	58
Goân-chú-liōng (±)	140.116(1)
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t	lanthanum-hē
Cho̍k, hun-khu	n/a, f khu
Chiu-kî	tē 6 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t	[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng	solid
Iûⁿ-tiám	1068 K ​(795 °C, ​1463 °F)
Hut-tiám	3716 K ​(3443 °C, ​6229 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘  (sek-un)	6.770 g·cm−3
6.55 g·cm−3
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t	5.46 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t	398 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng	26.94 J·mol−1·K−1
cheng-khì-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k tī T (K) 1992 2194 2442 2754 3159 3705
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘	4, 3, 2, 1 ​(a mildly basic oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘	Pauling scale: 1.12
Tiān-lī-lêng	1st: 534.4 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1050 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 1949 kJ·mol−1 (more)
Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng	empirical: 181.8 pm
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng	204±9 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	​double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) β-Ce
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	​face-centered cubic (fcc) γ-Ce
Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á)	2100 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng	γ, poly: 6.3 µm·m−1·K−1 (at r.t.)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t	11.3 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t	β, poly: 828 nΩ·m (at r.t.)
Chû-sèng	paramagnetic
Young hē-sò͘	γ form: 33.6 GPa
Shear hē-sò͘	γ form: 13.5 GPa
Bulk hē-sò͘	γ form: 21.5 GPa
Poisson pí	γ form: 0.24
Mohs ngē-tō͘	2.5
Vickers ngē-tō͘	210–470 MPa
Brinell ngē-tō͘	186–412 MPa
CAS teng-kì pian-hō	7440-45-1
Le̍k-sú
Hō-miâ	after dwarf planet Ceres, itself named after Roman deity of agriculture Ceres
Hoat-hiān	Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger (1803)
Siōng chá hû-lî	Carl Gustaf Mosander (1839)
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Chú bûn-chiong: cerium ê tông-ūi-sò͘
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 134Ce syn 3.16 d ε 0.500 134La 136Ce 0.185% >3.8×1016 y (β+β+) 2.419 136Ba 138Ce 0.251% >1.5×1014 y (β+β+) 0.694 138Ba 139Ce syn 137.640 d ε 0.278 139La 140Ce 88.450% – (SF) <43.633 141Ce syn 32.501 d β− 0.581 141Pr 142Ce 11.114% >5×1016 y (β−β−) 1.417 142Nd (α) 1.298 138Ba 144Ce syn 284.893 d β− 0.319 144Pr
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed