Hafnium

Hafnium sī 1 ê hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘. I ê goân-chú-hoan sī 72, hoà-ha̍k hû-hō sī Hf.

Hafnium,  ₇₂Hf

Spectral lines of hafnium (400–700 nm)
Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō	hafnium, Hf
Gōa-hêng	steel gray
Hafnium tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
Zr ↑ Hf ↓ Rf lutetium ← hafnium → tantalum
Goân-chú-hoan	72
Goân-chú-liōng (±)	178.49(2)
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t	kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu	4 cho̍k, d khu
Chiu-kî	tē 6 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t	[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng	solid
Iûⁿ-tiám	2506 K ​(2233 °C, ​4051 °F)
Hut-tiám	4876 K ​(4603 °C, ​8317 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘  (sek-un)	13.31 g·cm−3
12 g·cm−3
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t	27.2 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t	648 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng	25.73 J·mol−1·K−1
cheng-khì-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k tī T (K) 2689 2954 3277 3679 4194 4876
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘	4, 3, 2, 1, −2 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘	Pauling scale: 1.3
Tiān-lī-lêng	1st: 658.5 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1440 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 2250 kJ·mol−1
Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng	empirical: 159 pm
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng	175±10 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á)	3010 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng	5.9 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t	23.0 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t	331 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Chû-sèng	paramagnetic
Young hē-sò͘	78 GPa
Shear hē-sò͘	30 GPa
Bulk hē-sò͘	110 GPa
Poisson pí	0.37
Mohs ngē-tō͘	5.5
Vickers ngē-tō͘	1520–2060 MPa
Brinell ngē-tō͘	1450–2100 MPa
CAS teng-kì pian-hō	7440-58-6
Le̍k-sú
Hō-miâ	after Hafnia. Latin for: Copenhagen, where it was discovered
Chhui-chhek	Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
Hoat-hiān kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘	Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922)
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Chú bûn-chiong: hafnium ê tông-ūi-sò͘
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 172Hf syn 1.87 y ε 0.350 172Lu 174Hf 0.162% 2×1015 y α 2.495 170Yb 176Hf 5.206% – (α) 2.2550 172Yb 177Hf 18.606% – (α) 2.2449 173Yb 178Hf 27.297% – (α) 2.0832 174Yb 178m2Hf syn 31 y IT 2.446 178Hf 179Hf 13.629% – (α) 1.8065 175Yb 180Hf 35.1% – (α) 1.2828 176Yb 182Hf trace 8.9×106 y β− 0.373 182Ta
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed