Siah

Siah (錫, Latin-gí: Stannum) sī chiu-kî-pió lāi-té ê 1 chióng hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘, goân-chú-hoan 50. Siah sī lio̍h-á niáu-chhí-á-sek, hó-chhun-iân ê pi kim-sio̍k (poor metal), tī khong-khì--nih bô siáⁿ ē sng-hoà (oxidation), bô siáⁿ ē hú-si̍h (corrosion). Chin chē hūn-kim lóng ū hūn siah, he̍k-chiá kā kim-sio̍k tō͘ 1 iân siah, thang hông-chí hú-si̍h. Siah toā-hūn sī ùi siah-chio̍h (cassiterite) chit chióng khòng-bu̍t the̍h--tio̍h.

Siah,  ₅₀Sn

Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō	Siah, Sn
Eng-bûn	tin
Tông-sò͘-thé	alpha, α (gray); beta, β (white)
Gōa-hêng	silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)
Siah tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
Ge ↑ Sn ↓ Pb indium ← Siah → antimony
Goân-chú-hoan	50
Goân-chú-liōng (±)	118.710(7)
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t	āu-kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu	14 cho̍k, p khu
Chiu-kî	tē 5 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 4
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng	kò͘-thé
Iûⁿ-tiám	505.08 K ​(231.93 °C, ​449.47 °F)
Hut-tiám	2875 K ​(2602 °C, ​4716 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘  (sek-un)	white, β: 7.365 g·cm−3 gray, α: 5.769 g·cm−3
6.99 g·cm−3
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t	white, β: 7.03 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t	white, β: 296.1 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng	white, β: 27.112 J·mol−1·K−1
cheng-khì-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k tī T (K) 1497 1657 1855 2107 2438 2893
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘	4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3, −4 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘	Pauling scale: 1.96
Tiān-lī-lêng	1st: 708.6 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1411.8 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 2943.0 kJ·mol−1
Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng	empirical: 140 pm
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng	139±4 pm
Van der Waals pòaⁿ-kèng	217 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	​tetragonal white (β)
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	​diamond cubic gray (α)
Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á)	2730 m·s−1 (at r.t.) (rolled)
Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng	22.0 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t	66.8 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t	115 nΩ·m (at 0 °C)
Chû-sèng	gray: diamagnetic white (β): paramagnetic
Young hē-sò͘	50 GPa
Shear hē-sò͘	18 GPa
Bulk hē-sò͘	58 GPa
Poisson pí	0.36
Brinell ngē-tō͘	50–440 MPa
CAS teng-kì pian-hō	7440-31-5
Le̍k-sú
Hoat-hiān	around 3500 BC
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Chú bûn-chiong: Siah ê tông-ūi-sò͘
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 112Sn 0.97% – (β+β+) 1.9222 112Cd 114Sn 0.66% – (SF) <27.965 115Sn 0.34% – (SF) <26.791 116Sn 14.54% – (SF) <25.905 117Sn 7.68% – (SF) <25.334 118Sn 24.22% – (SF) <23.815 119Sn 8.59% – (SF) <23.140 120Sn 32.58% – (SF) <21.824 122Sn 4.63% – (β−β−) 0.3661 122Te 124Sn 5.79% >1×1017 y (β−β−) 2.2870 124Te 126Sn trace 2.3×105 y β− 0.380 + 126Sb
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed