Ke-sò͘

(Tùi Sia̍k choán--lâi)

Ke-sò͘ (珪素/硅素; hû-hō: Si; La-teng-gí Silicium; Eng-gí: silicon), ia̍h hō chò sia̍k (矽), mā thang kóng Si-lí-khóng, sī chi̍t khoán hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘, goân-chú-hoan 14, sio̍k thòaⁿ-sò͘ cho̍k, sī 4-kè ê lūi-kim-sio̍k. Tī Tē-kiû ê tē-khak, silicium tē-jī chè ê goân-sò͘, it-poaⁿ ē chham sàng-sò͘ ha̍p-chò SiO2. Tī kang-gia̍p èng-iōng hong-bīn, silicium sī chè-chō pòaⁿ-tō-thé ê chú-iàu gôan-liāu.

Ke-sò͘,  14Si

Spectral lines of silicon
Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō Ke-sò͘, Si
Eng-bûn silicon
Phian-miâ sia̍k, si-lí-khóng
Gōa-hêng crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces
Ke-sò͘ tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
Chúi-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Helium (hi-iú khì-thé)
Lithium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Beryllium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Phêng-sò͘ (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Thoàⁿ-sò͘ (to-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Chek-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Sng-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Hut-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Ne-óng (hi-iú khì-thé)
Natrium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Magnesium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
A-lú-mih (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Ke-sò͘ (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Lîn (to-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Liû-hông (to-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Iâm-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Argon (hi-iú khì-thé)
Kalium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Khā-lú-siúm (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Scandium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Titanium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Vanadium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Chromium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Manganese (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Thih (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Cobalt (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Nickel (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Tâng (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
A-iân (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Gallium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Germanium (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Phi-sò͘ (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Selenium (to-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Chhàu-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Krypton (hi-iú khì-thé)
Rubidium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Strontium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Yttrium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Zirconium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Niobium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Molybdenum (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Technetium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Ruthenium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Rhodium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Palladium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Gîn (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Cadmium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Indium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Siah (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Antimony (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Tellurium (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Ak-sò͘ (siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k)
Xenon (hi-iú khì-thé)
Caesium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Barium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Lanthanum (lanthanum-hē)
Cerium (lanthanum-hē)
Praseodymium (lanthanum-hē)
Neodymium (lanthanum-hē)
Promethium (lanthanum-hē)
Samarium (lanthanum-hē)
Europium (lanthanum-hē)
Gadolinium (lanthanum-hē)
Terbium (lanthanum-hē)
Dysprosium (lanthanum-hē)
Holmium (lanthanum-hē)
Erbium (lanthanum-hē)
Thulium (lanthanum-hē)
Ytterbium (lanthanum-hē)
Lutetium (lanthanum-hē)
Hafnium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Tantalum (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Wolfram (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Rhenium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Osmium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Iridium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Pe̍h-kim (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Kim (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Chúi-gîn (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Thallium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Iân (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Bismuth (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Polonium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Astatine (lūi-kim-sio̍k)
Radon (hi-iú khì-thé)
Francium (kiⁿ-kim-sio̍k)
Radium (kiⁿ-thó͘ kim-sio̍k)
Actinium (actinium-hē)
Thorium (actinium-hē)
Protactinium (actinium-hē)
Uranium (actinium-hē)
Neptunium (actinium-hē)
Plutonium (actinium-hē)
Americium (actinium-hē)
Curium (actinium-hē)
Berkelium (actinium-hē)
Californium (actinium-hē)
Einsteinium (actinium-hē)
Fermium (actinium-hē)
Mendelevium (actinium-hē)
Nobelium (actinium-hē)
Lawrencium (actinium-hē)
Rutherfordium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Dubnium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Seaborgium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Bohrium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Hassium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Meitnerium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Darmstadtium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Roentgenium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Copernicium (kòe-tō͘ kim-sio̍k)
Nihonium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Flerovium (pîn-kim-sio̍k)
Moscovium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Livermorium (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Tennessine (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
Oganesson (hoà-ha̍k sèng-chit iáu boē hiáu)
C

Si

Ge
a-lú-mihKe-sò͘lîn
Goân-chú-hoan 14
Goân-chú-liōng 28.085[1] (28.084–28.086)[2]
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t   lūi-kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu 14 cho̍k, p khu
Chiu-kî tē 3 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t [Ne] 3s2 3p2
per shell 2, 8, 4
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng kò͘-thé
Iûⁿ-tiám 1687 K ​(1414 °C, ​2577 °F)
Hut-tiám 3538 K ​(3265 °C, ​5909 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘  (sek-un) 2.3290 g·cm−3
2.57 g·cm−3
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t 50.21 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t 383 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng 19.789 J·mol−1·K−1
cheng-khì-ap
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
tī T (K) 1908 2102 2339 2636 3021 3537
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘ 4, 3, 2, 1[3] −1, −2, −3, −4 ​(an amphoteric oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘ Pauling scale: 1.90
Tiān-lī-lêng 1st: 786.5 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1577.1 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 3231.6 kJ·mol−1
(more)
Goân-chú pòaⁿ-kèng empirical: 111 pm
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng 111 pm
Van der Waals pòaⁿ-kèng 210 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chōdiamond cubic
Diamond cubic crystal structure for Ke-sò͘
Siaⁿ-sok (sòe kùn-á) 8433 m·s−1 (at 20 °C)
Jia̍t-phòng-tiòng 2.6 µm·m−1·K−1 (at 25 °C)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t 149 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t 2.3×103 Ω·m (at 20 °C)[4]
Lêng-phāng 1.12 eV (at 300 K)
Chû-sèng diamagnetic[5]
Young hē-sò͘ 130–188 GPa[6]
Shear hē-sò͘ 51–80 GPa[6]
Bulk hē-sò͘ 97.6 GPa[6]
Poisson pí 0.064–0.28[6]
Mohs ngē-tō͘ 7
CAS teng-kì pian-hō 7440-21-3
Le̍k-sú
Hō-miâ after Latin 'silex' or 'silicis', meaning flint
Chhui-chhek Antoine Lavoisier (1787)
Hoat-hiān kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘ Jöns Jacob Berzelius[7][8] (1823)
 hō-miâ Thomas Thomson (1817)
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
Chú bûn-chiong: Ke-sò͘ ê tông-ūi-sò͘
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
28Si 92.23% 28Si is stable with 14 neutrons
29Si 4.67% 29Si is stable with 15 neutrons
30Si 3.1% 30Si is stable with 16 neutrons
32Si trace 153 y β 13.020 32P

Siong-koan siu-kái

Chham-khó chu-liāu siu-kái

  1. Conventional Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
  2. Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
  3. Ram, R. S.; et al. (1998). "Fourier Transform Emission Spectroscopy of the A2D–X2P Transition of SiH and SiD" (PDF). J. Mol. Spectr. 190: 341–352. PMID 9668026. 
  4. Eranna, Golla (2014). Crystal Growth and Evaluation of Silicon for VLSI and ULSI. CRC Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4822-3281-3. 
  5. Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5. 
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Hopcroft, Matthew A.; Nix, William D.; Kenny, Thomas W. (2010). "What is the Young's Modulus of Silicon?". Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems. 19 (2): 229. doi:10.1109/JMEMS.2009.2039697. 
  7. Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements: XII. Other elements isolated with the aid of potassium and sodium: beryllium, boron, silicon, and aluminum". Journal of Chemical Education. 9 (8): 1386–1412. Bibcode:1932JChEd...9.1386W. doi:10.1021/ed009p1386. 
  8. Voronkov, M. G. (2007). "Silicon era". Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry. 80 (12): 2190. doi:10.1134/S1070427207120397.