Iâm-sò͘

Iâm-sò͘, ₁₇Cl
	A glass container filled with chlorine gas
	Emission line spectra; 400–700 nm
Ki-pún sèng-chit
Miâ, hû-hō	Iâm-sò͘, Cl
Eng-bûn	chlorine
Gōa-hêng	pale yellow-green gas
Iâm-sò͘ tī chiu-kî-piáu lāi ê ūi-tì
	liû-hông ← Iâm-sò͘ → argon
Goân-chú-hoan	17
Goân-chú-liōng	35.45 (35.446–35.457)
Goân-sò͘ lūi-pia̍t	siang-goân-chú hui-kim-sio̍k
Cho̍k, hun-khu	17 cho̍k, p khu
Chiu-kî	tē 3 chiu-kî
Tiān-chú pâi-lia̍t	[Ne] 3s2 3p5
per shell	2, 8, 7
Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit
Siòng	khì-thé
Iûⁿ-tiám	171.6 K (−101.5 °C, −150.7 °F)
Hut-tiám	239.11 K (−34.04 °C, −29.27 °F)
Bi̍t-tō͘ at stp (0 °C and 101.325 kPa)	3.2 g·L−1
	1.5625 g·cm−3
Lîm-kài-tiám	416.9 K, 7.991 MPa
Iûⁿ-hoà-jia̍t	(Cl2) 6.406 kJ·mol−1
Cheng-hoat-jia̍t	(Cl2) 20.41 kJ·mol−1
Jia̍t-iông-liōng	(Cl2); 33.949 J·mol−1·K−1
Goân-chú sèng-chit
Sng-hòa-sò͘	7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1 (a strongly acidic oxide)
Tiān-hū-tō͘	Pauling scale: 3.16
Tiān-lī-lêng	1st: 1251.2 kJ·mol−1 ; 2nd: 2298 kJ·mol−1 ; 3rd: 3822 kJ·mol−1 ; (more)
Kiōng-kè pòaⁿ-kèng	102±4 pm
Van der Waals pòaⁿ-kèng	175 pm
Cha̍p-lio̍k
Chiⁿ-thé kò͘-chō	orthorhombic
Siaⁿ-sok	206 m·s−1 (gas, at 0 °C)
Jia̍t-thoân-tō-lu̍t	8.9×10-3 W·m−1·K−1
Tiān-chó͘-lu̍t	>10 Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Chû-sèng	diamagnetic
CAS teng-kì pian-hō	7782-50-5
Le̍k-sú
Hoat-hiān kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘	Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1774)
Recognized as an element by	Humphry Davy (1808)
Chòe ún-tēng ê tông-ūi-sò͘
	Chú bûn-chiong: Iâm-sò͘ ê tông-ūi-sò͘

Iâm-sò͘ (鹽素, kì-hō: Cl; Latin-miâ: chlorum) sī chi̍t khoán hoà-ha̍k goân-sò͘, goân-chú-hoan ûi 17. Iâm-sò͘ hām hut-sò͘, chhàu-sò͘, ak-sò͘, astatine téng-téng tē 17 cho̍k ê goân-sò͘ ha̍p-chheng ló͘-sò͘ (鹵素).

Iâm-sò͘ tī it-poaⁿ chōng-hóng chi-hā sī khì-thé, sek-chúi sī chheⁿ-n̂g-sek, tùi jîn-thé ū-to̍k. I ê sèng-chit hoa̍t-phoat, sī kiông sng-hòa-chē, ū siōng koân ê tiān-chú chhin-hô-le̍k, koh sī tiān-khì im-sèng-tō͘ tē-saⁿ koân ê goân-sò͘.

Iâm-sò͘ tī Tē-kiû téng siōng chia̍p-khòaⁿ ê chûn-chāi hêng-sek sī iâm-hòa-bu̍t (鹽化物) Cl⁻, sng-hòa-sò͘ sī −1. Phì-lūn-kóng iâm-hòa natrium, tiō sī iâm, tī hái-chúi kap giâm-chân lâi sī chin phong-phài, jîn-thé lāi lóng ē-tàng chhōe--tio̍h.

Miâ-chheng

Iâm-sò͘ ê Eng-gí miâ chlorine lâi-chū Kó͘-chá Hi-lia̍p-gí χλωρός (Lô-má-hòa: khlôros), ì-sù sī chhiò-le̍k-sek.

Ji̍t-pún Edo sî-tāi ê se-hong ha̍k-chiá Udagawa Yōan (宇田川榕菴) kā chlorine ê Ji̍t-pún-ōe hoan-chò "enso" (Kana: えんそ, Kanji: 塩素, 鹽素), in-ūi iâm sī i ê chú-iàu sêng-hūn chi-it. Hân-kok-gí mā chiàu chit-ê "yeomso" (Ko-lê-jī: 염소).

19 sè-kí 70 nî-tāi, Tiong-kok hòa-ha̍k-ka Chhî Siū (徐壽) kā chlorine hō chi̍t-ê Hôa-gí miâ kiò-chò "le̍k-khì" (綠氣). 1933 nî, Tēⁿ Cheng-bûn (鄭貞文) chhòng-chō chi̍t jī "氯" lâi tāi-piáu chlorine. "氯" chit jī nā chiàu hoán-chhiat eng-kai tha̍k-chò "le̍k", kap le̍k-sek ê "le̍k" kâng im.

1976 nî chhut-pán ê Maryknoll Tâi-Eng sû-tián chiong chlorine ê Tâi-gí kì-chò "iâm-sò͘".

Tông-ūi-sò͘

Iâm-sò͘ ū nn̄g-ê ún-tēng ê tng-ūi-sò͘: ³⁵Cl kap ³⁷Cl, in tī ê pí-lē chha-put-to sī 1:3.

Bu̍t-lí sèng-chit

Hòa-ha̍k sèng-chit kap hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t

Iâm-hoà chúi-sò͘

Iâm-hoà chúi-sò͘ (HCl) sī iâm-sò͘ siōng kan-tan ê hòa-ha̍p-bu̍t, mā sī tùi kang-gia̍p kap si̍t-giām-sek lóng chin tiōng-iàu ê hòa-ha̍k io̍h-che.

Tī sek-un, iâm-hoà chúi-sò͘ sī bû-sek khì-thé, khoài-khoài iông tī chúi-té, piàn-chó chi̍t chióng kiông-sng.

Iâm-sò͘ sng-hòa-bu̍t

Iâm-sò͘ ê oxo sng

Oxo sng ê miâ (Eng-gí miâ)	Hòa-ha̍k-sek (sng-hòa-sò͘)	Oxo sng iâm ê miâ (Eng-gí miâ)
Chhù iâm-sò͘ sng (hypochlorous acid)	${\ce {HClO}}$ (+I)	Chhù iâm-sò͘ sng iâm ( - hypochlorite)
A iâm-sò͘ sng (chlorous acid)	${\ce {HClO2}}$ (+III)	A iâm-sò͘ sng iâm ( - chlorite)
Iâm-sò͘ sng (chloric acid)	${\ce {HClO3}}$ (+V)	Iâm-sò͘ sng iâm (- chlorate)
Kòe iâm-sò͘ sng (perchloric acid)	${\ce {HClO4}}$ (+VII)	Kòe iâm-sò͘ sng iâm ( - perchlorate)

Chè-chō

Si̍t-giām-sek lāi, chió-liōng ê iâm-sò͘ ē-sái chiong iâm-sng ka--ji̍p-khì jī sng-hòa mangan (MnO₂), iōng pâi-chúi chip-khì-hoat siu-chi̍p, che hoán-èng-sek sī:

${\ce {MnO2\ + 4HCl -> MnCl2\ + 2H2O\ + Cl2}}$

Kang-gia̍p siōng, siōng chú-iàu ê iâm-sò͘ chè-hoat, sī ti̍t-chiap tiān-kái iâm-chúi, che hoán-èng-sek sī:

{\ce {2NaCl\ + 2H2O -> 2NaOH\ + Cl2\ + H2}}

,

kî-tiong,

iông-ke̍k (+) pòaⁿ hoán-èng sī

{\ce {2Cl^{-}->Cl2\ +2{\mathit {e}}^{-}}}

,

im-ke̍k (−) pòaⁿ hoán-èng sī

{\ce {2H2O\ +2{\mathit {e}}^{-}->H2\ +2OH^{-}}}

;

tī iông-ke̍k kap im-ke̍k hun-pia̍t siu-chi̍p--ē-tio̍h iâm-chúi kap chúi-sò͘; koh-lâi, in-ūi iâm-chúi pún-sin ū-hâm Na⁺, só͘-í chit-ê hong-hoat mā sī chúi-sng-hoà natrium (NaOH) ê chú-iàu chè-hoat.

Èng-iōng

Iâm-sò͘ ē-sái iōng-lâi chò siau-to̍k-chē, it-poaⁿ ê chúi-tō-chúi kap iû-éng-tî tiō tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ iōng i siau-to̍k, ûi-chhî chúi-chit ê ōe-seng.

Iâm-sò͘ mā sī tiōng-iàu ê hòa-kang goân-liāu, iōng-lâi chè-chō iâm-sng, phiò-pe̍h-hún, haloalkane, sok-ka (chhiūⁿ PVC), chloroform téng-téng.

It-chhù Tāi-chiàn sî-kî, iâm-sò͘ bat hō͘ lâng tòng-chò hòa-ha̍k bú-khì.

Kiám-giām

Chham-khó

↑ Conventional Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
↑ Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
↑ Chlorine, Gas Encyclopaedia, Air Liquide
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ phí-á-kiáⁿ. Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia.

[CIAAW-1] Conventional Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

[IUPAC-2] Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

[3] Chlorine, Gas Encyclopaedia, Air Liquide

[4] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., pian. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th pán.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

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