Hiān-chāi ê kok-ka chí-tō-chiá lia̍t-toaⁿ

Hiān-chāi ê kok-ka chí-tō-chiá lia̍t-toaⁿ.

Liân-ha̍p-kok ê hoē-oân kap koan-chhat-oân

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Colour key
Green cells indicate leaders whose offices constitutionally administer the executive of their respective state/government.
Blue cells indicate de facto executive branch leaders whose offices lack de jure constitutional power.

Note: Names in small font generally denote acting, interim, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at .

Kok-ka	Kok-ka goân-siú	Chèng-hú chí-tō-chiá
Afghanistan	choè-ko chí-tō-chiá – Hibatullah Akhundzada	tāi-lí chóng-lí – Hasan Akhund
Albania	chóng-thóng – Bajram Begaj	chóng-lí – Edi Rama
Algeria	chóng-thóng – Abdelmadjid Tebboune	chóng-lí – Nadir Larbaoui
Andorra	kiōng-tông-kong – Joan Enric Vives i Sicília kiōng-tông-kong tāi-piáu – Josep Maria Mauri kiōng-tông-kong – Emmanuel Macron^{[lower-greek 1]} kiōng-tông-kong tāi-piáu – Patrick Strzoda	chóng-lí – Xavier Espot Zamora
Angola	chóng-thóng – João Lourenço
Antigua kap Barbuda	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 2]} chóng-tok – Sir Rodney Williams	chóng-lí – Gaston Browne
Argentina	chóng-thóng – Javier Milei
Armenia	chóng-thóng – Vahagn Khachaturyan	chóng-lí – Nikol Pashinyan
Ò-chiu	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 2]} chóng-tok – David Hurley Governor-general-designate – Sam Mostyn	chóng-lí – Anthony Albanese
Ò-tē-lī	chóng-thóng – Alexander Van der Bellen	chóng-lí – Karl Nehammer
Azerbaijan	chóng-thóng – Ilham Aliyev	chóng-lí – Ali Asadov
Bahamas	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 2]} chóng-tok – Dame Cynthia A. Pratt	chóng-lí – Philip Davis
Bahrain	Emir – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa	siú-siòng – Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa
Bangladesh	chóng-thóng – Mohammed Shahabuddin	chóng-lí – Sheikh Hasina
Barbados	chóng-thóng – Dame Sandra Mason	chóng-lí – Mia Mottley
Belarus	Choân Belarus jîn-bîn hoē-gī chú-se̍k – Alexander Lukashenko^[1]
Belarus	chóng-thóng – Alexander Lukashenko^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Roman Golovchenko
Pe̍k-ní-gī	kok-ông – Filip	siú-siòng – Alexander De Croo
Belize	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 2]} chóng-tok – Dame Froyla Tzalam	chóng-lí – Johnny Briceño
Benin	chóng-thóng – Patrice Talon
Bhutan	kok-ông – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck	siú-siòng – Tshering Tobgay
Bolivia	chóng-thóng – Luis Arce
Bosnia kap Herzegovina	Choè-ko Tāi-piáu – Christian Schmidt^{[lower-greek 4]}
	Chóng-thóng Phêng-gī-hoē^{[lower-greek 5]}	Pō͘-tiúⁿ Phêng-gī-hoē gī-tiúⁿ – Borjana Krišto
	sêng-oân: Denis Bećirović (chú-se̍k) Željka Cvijanović Željko Komšić	Pō͘-tiúⁿ Phêng-gī-hoē gī-tiúⁿ – Borjana Krišto
Botswana	chóng-thóng – Mokgweetsi Masisi
Pa-se	chóng-thóng – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Bûn-lâi	Sultan, siú-siòng – Hassanal Bolkiah
Bulgaria	chóng-thóng – Rumen Radev	Tāi-lí chóng-lí – Dimitar Glavchev
Burkina Faso	Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration chú-se̍k – Ibrahim Traoré
Burkina Faso	lîm-sî chóng-thóng – Ibrahim Traoré	lîm-sî chóng-lí – Apollinaire Kyélem
Burundi	chóng-thóng – Évariste Ndayishimiye^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Gervais Ndirakobuca
Kán-po͘-chē	Jîn-bîn Tóng chú-se̍k – Hun Sen^[2]
Kán-po͘-chē	kok-ông – Norodom Sihamoni	siú-siòng – Hun Manet
Cameroon	chóng-thóng – Paul Biya^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Joseph Ngute
Canada	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 2]} chóng-tok – Mary Simon	chóng-lí – Justin Trudeau
Cabo Verde	chóng-thóng – José Maria Neves	chóng-lí – Ulisses Correia e Silva
Tiong-hui Kiōng-hô-kok	chóng-thóng – Faustin-Archange Touadéra^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Félix Moloua
Chad	chóng-thóng – Mahamat Déby	chóng-lí – Allamaye Halina
Chile	chóng-thóng – Gabriel Boric
Tiong-kok	Tiong Kiōng chóng-su-kì – Si̍p Kīn-pêng
Tiong-kok	kok-ka chú-se̍k – Si̍p Kīn-pêng	Chóng-lí – Lí Kiông
Colombia	chóng-thóng – Gustavo Petro
Comoros	chóng-thóng – Azali Assoumani
Congo Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok	chóng-thóng – Félix Tshisekedi	chóng-lí – Judith Tuluka
Congo, Republic of the	chóng-thóng – Denis Sassou Nguesso	chóng-lí – Anatole Collinet Makosso
Costa Rica	chóng-thóng – Rodrigo Chaves Robles
Croatia	chóng-thóng – Zoran Milanović	chóng-lí – Andrej Plenković
Cuba	Tóng tē-it su-kì – Miguel Díaz-Canel
Cuba	kok-ka chú-se̍k – Miguel Díaz-Canel	chóng-lí – Manuel Marrero Cruz
Ku-pí-lō͘	chóng-thóng – Nikos Christodoulides
Chesko	chóng-thóng – Petr Pavel	chóng-lí – Petr Fiala
Tan-be̍h	kok-ông – Frederik 10-sè	siú-siòng – Mette Frederiksen
Djibouti	chóng-thóng – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed
Dominica	chóng-thóng – Sylvanie Burton	chóng-lí – Roosevelt Skerrit
Dominica Kiōng-hô-kok	chóng-thóng – Luis Abinader
Tang Timor	chóng-thóng – José Ramos-Horta	chóng-lí – Xanana Gusmão
Ecuador	chóng-thóng – Daniel Noboa
Ai-ki̍p	chóng-thóng – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi	chóng-lí – Mostafa Madbouly
El Salvador	chóng-thóng – Nayib Bukele
El Salvador	Tāi-lí chóng-thóng – Claudia Rodríguez de Guevara
Chhiah-tō Guinea	chóng-thóng – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Manuela Roka Botey
Eritrea	chóng-thóng – Isaias Afwerki
Estonia	chóng-thóng – Alar Karis	chóng-lí – Kaja Kallas
Eswatini	kok-ông – Mswati 3-sè	siú-siòng – Russell Dlamini
Eswatini	thài-hiō – Ntfombi	siú-siòng – Russell Dlamini
Ethiopia	chóng-thóng – Sahle-Work Zewde	chóng-lí – Abiy Ahmed
Fiji	chóng-thóng – Ratu Wiliame Katonivere	chóng-lí – Sitiveni Rabuka
Hun-lân	chóng-thóng – Alexander Stubb	chóng-lí – Petteri Orpo
Hoat-kok	chóng-thóng – Emmanuel Macron^{[lower-greek 1]}	chóng-lí – Gabriel Attal
Gabon	Chairman of the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions – Brice Oligui Nguema
Gabon	Transitional chóng-thóng – Brice Oligui Nguema^[3]	Interim chóng-lí – Raymond Ndong Sima
Gambia, The	chóng-thóng – Adama Barrow
Gruzia	chóng-thóng – Salome Zourabichvili	chóng-lí – Irakli Kobakhidze
Tek-kok	chóng-thóng – Frank-Walter Steinmeier	chóng-lí – Olaf Scholz
Ghana	chóng-thóng – Nana Akufo-Addo
Hi-lia̍p	chóng-thóng – Katerina Sakellaropoulou	chóng-lí – Kyriakos Mitsotakis
Grenada	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 2]} chóng-tok – Dame Cécile La Grenade	chóng-lí – Dickon Mitchell
Guatemala	chóng-thóng – Bernardo Arévalo
Guinea	Chairman of the National Committee of Reconciliation and Development – Mamady Doumbouya
Guinea	Interim chóng-thóng – Mamady Doumbouya	chóng-lí – Bah Oury
Guinea-Bissau	chóng-thóng – Umaro Sissoco Embaló	chóng-lí – Rui Duarte de Barros
Guyana	chóng-thóng – Irfaan Ali^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Mark Phillips
Haiti	chóng-thóng – Transitional Presidential Council^{[lower-greek 6]}	tāi-lí chóng-lí – Vacant
	Edgard Leblanc Fils (President)
	Other members: Fritz Jean Laurent Saint-Cyr Emmanuel Vertilaire Smith Augustin Leslie Voltaire Louis Gérald Gilles Frinel Joseph (observer) Régine Abraham (observer)
Honduras	chóng-thóng – Xiomara Castro
Hông-gâ-lī	chóng-thóng – Tamás Sulyok	chóng-lí – Viktor Orbán
Peng-tó	chóng-thóng – Guðni Th. Jóhannesson	chóng-lí – Bjarni Benediktsson
Ìn-tō͘	chóng-thóng – Droupadi Murmu	chóng-lí – Narendra Modi
Ìn-nî	chóng-thóng – Joko Widodo
Ìn-nî	President-elect – Prabowo Subianto
Iran	chòe-ko léng-tō-jîn – Ali Khamenei^{[lower-greek 7]}	tāi-lí chóng-thóng – Mohammad Mokhber
Iraq	chóng-thóng – Abdul Latif Rashid	chóng-lí – Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani
Ài-ní-lân	chóng-thóng – Michael D. Higgins	chóng-lí – Simon Harris
Í-sek-lia̍t	chóng-thóng – Isaac Herzog	chóng-lí – Benjamin Netanyahu
Í-tāi-lī	chóng-thóng – Sergio Mattarella	chóng-lí – Giorgia Meloni
Côte d'Ivoire	chóng-thóng – Alassane Ouattara^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Robert Beugré Mambé
Jamaica	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 2]} chóng-tok – Sir Patrick Allen	chóng-lí – Andrew Holness
Ji̍t-pún	Thian-hông – Naruhito^{[lower-greek 8]}	Loē-koh Chóng-lí Tāi-sîn – Kisida Humio
Iok-tàn	kok-ông – Abdullah 2-sè	siú-siòng – Bisher Al-Khasawneh
Kazakhstan	chóng-thóng – Kassym-Jomart Tokayev^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Oljas Bektenov
Kenya	chóng-thóng – William Ruto
Kiribati	chóng-thóng – Taneti Maamau
Kuwait	Emir – Sheikh Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah	siú-siòng – Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah
Kyrgyzstan	chóng-thóng – Sadyr Japarov^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Akylbek Japarov
Láu-o	Jîn-bîn Kek-bēng Tóng chóng-su-kì – Thongloun Sisoulith
Láu-o	kok-ka chú-se̍k – Thongloun Sisoulith	chóng-lí – Sonexay Siphandone
Latvia	chóng-thóng – Edgars Rinkēvičs	chóng-lí – Evika Siliņa
Lī-pa-lùn	chóng-thóng – Vacant	chóng-lí – Najib Mikati
Lesotho	kok-ông – Letsie 3-sè	siú-siòng – Sam Matekane
Liberia	chóng-thóng – Joseph Boakai
Libya	Chóng-thóng Phêng-gī-hoē chú-se̍k – Mohamed al-Menfi	chóng-lí – Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh
Liechtenstein	Kong – Hans-Adam II	siú-siòng – Daniel Risch
Liechtenstein	Sia̍p-chèng – Hereditary Prince Alois	siú-siòng – Daniel Risch
Lietuva	chóng-thóng – Gitanas Nausėda	chóng-lí – Ingrida Šimonytė
Luxembourg	Kong – Henri	siú-siòng – Luc Frieden
Madagascar	chóng-thóng – Andry Rajoelina	chóng-lí – Christian Ntsay
Malawi	chóng-thóng – Lazarus Chakwera
Má-lâi-se-a	Yang di-Pertuan Agong – Ibrahim Iskandar	chóng-lí – Anwar Ibrahim
Maldives	chóng-thóng – Mohamed Muizzu
Mali	Interim chóng-thóng – Assimi Goïta^{[lower-greek 3]}	Interim chóng-lí – Choguel Kokalla Maïga
Malta	chóng-thóng – Myriam Spiteri Debono	chóng-lí – Robert Abela
Marshall Kûn-tó	chóng-thóng – Hilda Heine
Mauritania	chóng-thóng – Mohamed Ould Ghazouani	chóng-lí – Mohamed Ould Bilal
Mauritius	chóng-thóng – Prithvirajsing Roopun	chóng-lí – Pravind Jugnauth
Be̍k-se-ko	chóng-thóng – Andrés Manuel López Obrador
Micronesia	chóng-thóng – Wesley Simina
Moldova	chóng-thóng – Maia Sandu	chóng-lí – Dorin Recean
Monaco	Kong – Albert II	Kok-bū Tāi-sîn – Pierre Dartout
Bông-kó͘	chóng-thóng – Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh	chóng-lí – Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
Montenegro	chóng-thóng – Jakov Milatović	chóng-lí – Milojko Spajić
Morocco	Kok-ông – Mohammed 6-sè	siú-siòng – Aziz Akhannouch
Mozambique	chóng-thóng – Filipe Nyusi^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Adriano Maleiane
Bián-tiān	Kok-ka Hêng-chèng Phêng-gī-hoē gī-tiúⁿ – Min Aung Hlaing
Bián-tiān	Tāi-lí chóng-thóng – Myint Swe	chóng-lí – Min Aung Hlaing
Namibia	chóng-thóng – Nangolo Mbumba^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Saara Kuugongelwa
Nauru	chóng-thóng – David Adeang
Nepal	chóng-thóng – Ram Chandra Poudel	chóng-lí – Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Hô-lân	kok-ông – Willem-Alexander	siú-siòng – Mark Rutte
New Zealand	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 2]} chóng-tok – Dame Cindy Kiro^{[lower-greek 9]}	chóng-lí – Christopher Luxon
Nicaragua	chóng-thóng – Daniel Ortega
Niger	President of the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland – Abdourahamane Tchiani	chóng-lí – Ali Lamine Zeine^[8]
Nigeria	chóng-thóng – Bola Tinubu
Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok	Tiâu-sián Lô-tōng Tóng tē 1 su-kì – Kim Jong-un
Tiâu-sián Bîn-chú-chú-gī Jîn-bîn Kiōng-hô-kok	Kok-bū Úi-oân-hōe Úi-oân-tiúⁿ – Kim Jong-un	loē-koh chóng-lí – Kim Tok-hun
Pak Macedonia	chóng-thóng – Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova	chóng-lí – Talat Xhaferi
Pak Macedonia	chóng-thóng – Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova	Prime minister-designate – Hristijan Mickoski
Ná-ui	kok-ông – Harald 5-sè	siú-siòng – Jonas Gahr Støre
Oman	Sultan kap siú-siòng – Haitham bin Tariq
Pakistan	chóng-thóng – Asif Ali Zardari	chóng-lí – Shehbaz Sharif
Palau	chóng-thóng – Surangel Whipps Jr.
Palestine Kok	chóng-thóng – Mahmoud Abbas	chóng-lí – Mohammad Mustafa
Panama	chóng-thóng – Laurentino Cortizo
Panama	President-elect – José Raúl Mulino
Papua New Guinea	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 2]} chóng-tok – Sir Bob Dadae	chóng-lí – James Marape
Paraguay	chóng-thóng – Santiago Peña
Peru	chóng-thóng – Dina Boluarte^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Gustavo Adrianzén
Hui-li̍p-pin	chóng-thóng – Bongbong Marcos
Pho-lân	chóng-thóng – Andrzej Duda	chóng-lí – Donald Tusk
Phû-tô-gâ	chóng-thóng – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa	chóng-lí – Luís Montenegro
Qatar	Emir – Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani	siú-siòng – Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani
Romania	chóng-thóng – Klaus Iohannis	chóng-lí – Marcel Ciolacu
Lō͘-se-a	chóng-thóng – Vladimir Putin	chóng-lí – Mikhail Mishustin
Rwanda	chóng-thóng – Paul Kagame^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Édouard Ngirente
Saint Kitts kap Nevis	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 2]} chóng-tok – Dame Marcella Liburd	chóng-lí – Terrance Drew
Saint Lucia	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 2]} Tāi-lí chóng-tok – Errol Charles	chóng-lí – Philip J. Pierre
Saint Vincent kap Grenadines	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 2]} chóng-tok – Dame Susan Dougan	chóng-lí – Ralph Gonsalves
Samoa	O le Ao o le Malo – Afioga Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi 2-sè	chóng-lí – Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa
San Marino	chip-chèng-koan^{[lower-greek 10]} – Alessandro Rossi	Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs – Luca Beccari
San Marino	chip-chèng-koan^{[lower-greek 10]} – Milena Gasperoni	Secretary for Foreign and Political Affairs – Luca Beccari
São Tomé kap Príncipe	chóng-thóng – Carlos Vila Nova	chóng-lí – Patrice Trovoada
Saudi A-la-pek	kok-ông – Salman	siú-siòng – Mohammed bin Salman
Senegal	chóng-thóng – Bassirou Diomaye Faye^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Ousmane Sonko
Serbia	chóng-thóng – Aleksandar Vučić	chóng-lí – Miloš Vučević
Seychelles	chóng-thóng – Wavel Ramkalawan
Sierra Leone	chóng-thóng – Julius Maada Bio^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – David Moinina Sengeh
Sin-ka-pho	chóng-thóng – Tharman Shanmugaratnam	chóng-lí – N̂g Sûn-châi
Slovakia	chóng-thóng – Zuzana Čaputová President-elect – Peter Pellegrini	chóng-lí – Robert Fico
Slovenia	chóng-thóng – Nataša Pirc Musar	chóng-lí – Robert Golob
Só͘-lô-bûn Kûn-tó	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 2]} chóng-tok – Sir David Vunagi	chóng-lí – Jeremiah Manele
Somalia	chóng-thóng – Hassan Sheikh Mohamud	chóng-lí – Hamza Abdi Barre
Lâm-hui-kok	chóng-thóng – Cyril Ramaphosa
Tāi-hân Bîn-kok	chóng-thóng – Yoon Suk-yeol^{[lower-greek 3]}
Lâm Sudan	chóng-thóng – Salva Kiir Mayardit
Se-pan-gâ	kok-ông – Felipe 6-sè	siú-siòng – Pedro Sánchez
Sri Lanka	chóng-thóng – Ranil Wickremesinghe^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Dinesh Gunawardena
Sudan	Transitional Sovereignty Council^{[lower-greek 11]}	Tāi-lí chóng-lí – Osman Hussein
	Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (Chairman)
	Other members:^[12]^[13] Malik Agar (Deputy Chairman) Shams al-Din Khabbashi Yasser al-Atta Ibrahim Jabir Karim El Hadi Idris Yahya El Tahrir Abubakr Hajar Raja Nicola Abdulgasim Bortom Yousef Jad Karim Abdelbagi al-Zubeir Salma Abdeljabbar
Suriname	chóng-thóng – Chan Santokhi
Sūi-tián	kok-ông – Carl 16-sè Gustaf	siú-siòng – Ulf Kristersson
Sūi-se	Liân-pang Phêng-gī-hōe^{[lower-greek 12]}
Sūi-se	Liân-pang Phêng-gī-hōe sêng-oân: Viola Amherd (chóng-thóng) Karin Keller-Sutter (hù-chóng-thóng) Guy Parmelin Ignazio Cassis Albert Rösti Élisabeth Baume-Schneider Beat Jans
Su-lī-a	chóng-thóng – Bashar al-Assad^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Hussein Arnous
Tajikistan	chóng-thóng – Emomali Rahmon^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Kokhir Rasulzoda
Tanzania	chóng-thóng – Samia Suluhu Hassan^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Kassim Majaliwa
Thài-kok	kok-ông – Maha Vajiralongkorn	chóng-lí – Srettha Thavisin
Togo	chóng-thóng – Faure Gnassingbé^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Victoire Tomegah Dogbé
Tonga	kok-ông – Tupou 6-sè	siú-siòng – Siaosi Sovaleni
Trinidad kap Tobago	chóng-thóng – Christine Kangaloo	chóng-lí – Keith Rowley
Tunisia	chóng-thóng – Kaïs Saïed^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Ahmed Hachani
Thó͘-ní-kî	chóng-thóng – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Turkmenistan	Jîn-bîn Gī-hoē – Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow^[14]
Turkmenistan	chóng-thóng – Serdar Berdimuhamedow
Tuvalu	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 2]} chóng-tok – Sir Tofiga Vaevalu Falani	chóng-lí – Feleti Teo
Uganda	chóng-thóng – Yoweri Museveni^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Robinah Nabbanja
Ukraina	chóng-thóng – Volodymyr Zelenskyy	chóng-lí – Denys Shmyhal
A-la-pek Liân-ha̍p Thâu-lâng-kok	chóng-thóng – Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan	siú-siòng – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
Liân-ha̍p Ông-kok	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè	siú-siòng – Rishi Sunak
Bí-kok	chóng-thóng – Joe Biden
Uruguay	chóng-thóng – Luis Lacalle Pou
Uzbekistan	chóng-thóng – Shavkat Mirziyoyev^{[lower-greek 3]}	chóng-lí – Abdulla Aripov
Vanuatu	chóng-thóng – Nikenike Vurobaravu	chóng-lí – Charlot Salwai
Vaticano (Sèng-chō)	Kàu-hông – Franciscus	Chhī Kok Úi-oân-hoē chú-se̍k – Cardinal Fernando Vérgez Alzaga
Venezuela	chóng-thóng – Nicolás Maduro
Oa̍t-lâm	Oa̍t Kiōng chóng su-kì – Nguyễn Phú Trọng
Oa̍t-lâm	kok-ka chú-se̍k – Tô Lâm	chóng-lí – Phạm Minh Chính
Yemen	chóng-thóng úi-oân-hoē chú-se̍k – Rashad al-Alimi	chóng-lí – Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak
Zambia	chóng-thóng – Hakainde Hichilema
Zimbabwe	chóng-thóng – Emmerson Mnangagwa

Kî-thaⁿ kok-ka

Liân-ha̍p-kok hoē-oân ê liân-hē-pang:

liân-hē-pang	kok-ka	Kok-ka goân-siú	Chèng-hú chí-tō-chiá
Cook Kûn-tó	New Zealand	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 13]} kok-ông tāi-piáu – Sir Tom Marsters	chóng-lí – Mark Brown
Niue	New Zealand	kok-ông – Charles 3-sè^{[lower-greek 13]} kok-ông tāi-piáu – Dame Cindy Kiro^{[lower-greek 9]}	chóng-lí – Dalton Tagelagi

M̄-sī Liân-ha̍p-kok ê hoē-oân-kok:

Kok-ka	Kok-ka goân-siú	Chèng-hú chí-tō-chiá
Abkhazia	chóng-thóng – Aslan Bzhania	chóng-lí – Aleksander Ankvab
Tiong-hoâ Bîn-kok (Tâi-oân)	chóng-thóng – Lōa Chheng-tek	Hêng-chèng-īⁿ-tiúⁿ – Toh Êng-thài
Kosovo	chóng-thóng – Vjosa Osmani	chóng-lí – Albin Kurti
Pak Ku-pí-lō͘	chóng-thóng – Ersin Tatar	chóng-lí – Ünal Üstel
Sahrawi A-la-pek Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok	General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali
Sahrawi A-la-pek Bîn-chú Kiōng-hô-kok	chóng-thóng – Brahim Ghali	chóng-lí – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun
Lâm Ossetia	chóng-thóng – Alan Gagloyev	chóng-lí – Konstantin Dzhussoyev
Somaliland	chóng-thóng – Muse Bihi Abdi
Transnistria	chóng-thóng – Vadim Krasnoselsky	chóng-lí – Aleksander Rozenberg

Chù-kha

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 The President of France and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.
↑ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 Charles III is separately and equally monarch of 15 sovereign states known collectively as the Commonwealth realms. In each of these states (with the exception of the United Kingdom, where he permanently resides), he is represented at the national level by a governor-general.
↑ ^3.00 ^3.01 ^3.02 ^3.03 ^3.04 ^3.05 ^3.06 ^3.07 ^3.08 ^3.09 ^3.10 ^3.11 ^3.12 ^3.13 ^3.14 ^3.15 ^3.16 ^3.17 ^3.18 ^3.19 ^3.20 ^3.21 ^3.22 ^3.23 ^3.24 ^3.25 In this state, the president is both head of state and head of government; the office of prime minister may exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—nor does the Kyrgyzstani Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers, the Peruvian President of the Council of Ministers, or the Sierra Leonean Chief Minister.
↑ The high representative is an international civilian overseer of the Dayton Agreement with authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation.
↑ The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively.
↑ The council will exercise certain presidential powers until a new president is elected or until February 7, 2026, whichever comes first. The presidency has been vacant since the assassination of Jovenel Moïse in 2021.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]
↑ According to articles 89 to 91 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader of Iran is the head of state, and the President is the head of government. The President is required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in before Parliament, and the Supreme Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected President at any time.
↑ The constitution of Japan does not define a formal head of state, but the Emperor by unwritten constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of this role.
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 The Governor-General of New Zealand and the King's Representative of Niue are positions held by the same person.
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 The Captain Regent representing the party with a plurality of seats in the legislature of San Marino, the Grand and General Council, exercises more legislative power than the Captain Regent belonging to the opposition.
↑ The Transitional Sovereignty Council is the collective head of state of Sudan per the 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration. While the council was intended to be a unity government incorporating civilian and military elements that used consensus decision making, Chairman Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who is also Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces, has monopolized power.^[9]^[10]^[11]
↑ The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 Charles III is head of state of the Cook Islands and Niue in his capacity as King in Right of New Zealand. He is represented in each of these states by a King's Representative.

Chham-khó

↑ Rudenka, Arsien (16 April 2024). "У Беларусі фармуецца УНС. Топ-7 простых пытанняў пра новы дзяржаўны орган" [The ABPA is being formed in Belarus: Top 7 simple questions about the new state organ]. Belsat TV (ēng Belarusian). 12 May 2024 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Cai, Derek; Head, Jonathan (7 August 2023). "Cambodia: PM's son Hun Manet appointed next ruler in royal formality". Singapore: BBC News. 7 August 2023 khòaⁿ--ê. Hun Sen will however retain leadership of the ruling Cambodian People's Party - a position political analysts say still gives him ultimate control. Pang-bô͘:* Murphy, Matt (6 August 2023). "Hun Sen: Cambodia election result confirms expected win for PM". BBC News. 7 August 2023 khòaⁿ--ê. [Hun Sen] is expected to become president of the Senate early next year and will serve as acting head of state when King Norodom Sihamoni is abroad.
↑ "General Nguema appointed transitional president of Gabon following coup". Anadolu Agency. Kigali. 30 August 2023. 31 August 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Haiti's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments through 2012" (PDF). Constitute Project. 20 May 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ Fatton, Robert (23 July 2021). "Will Haitians get the chance to determine their future — without foreign interference?". The Washington Post. 20 May 2023 khòaⁿ--ê. On Tuesday, Henry was sworn in, pledging to hold new elections in 120 days. For now, Haiti has no president[...].
↑ Sullivan, Becky (18 January 2023). "As its only remaining elected officials depart, Haiti reaches a breaking point". NPR. 20 May 2023 khòaⁿ--ê. The constitutional mandate of Haiti's de facto ruler, Prime Minister Ariel Henry — which some viewed as questionable from the start, as he was never technically sworn in — ended more than a year ago. The country has had no president since its last one, Jovenel Moïse, was assassinated in 2021.
↑ Mendonca, Duarte (25 April 2024). "Haiti's prime minister resigns as council sworn in to lead political transition in violence-ravaged nation". CNN. 25 April 2024 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Niger military names 21-person cabinet ahead of key West African summit". Al Jazeera. 10 August 2023. 14 August 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Sudan's Constitution of 2019" (PDF). 23 March 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Sudan's reinstated PM Hamdok promises a path to democracy". Al Jazeera. 22 November 2021. 22 March 2023 khòaⁿ--ê. The 14-point deal between Hamdok and the military, signed in the presidential palace in Khartoum on Sunday, also provides for the release of all political prisoners detained during the coup and stipulates that a 2019 constitutional declaration be the basis for a political transition, according to details read out on state television.
↑ Olewe, Dickens (20 February 2023). "Mohamed 'Hemeti' Dagalo: Top Sudan military figure says coup was a mistake". BBC News. 23 March 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Sudan coup leader restores restructured Sovereignty Council". Radio Dabanga. Khartoum. 11 November 2021. 26 March 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Sudan's Burhan dismisses Hemedti of his position". Al Bawaba (ēng Eng-gí). 2023-05-19 khòaⁿ--ê.
↑ "Turkmenistan's president expands his father's power". Associated Press. Ashgabat. 22 January 2023. 29 January 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.

[FR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 The President of France and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.

[CIIIR-2] 2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 Charles III is separately and equally monarch of 15 sovereign states known collectively as the Commonwealth realms. In each of these states (with the exception of the United Kingdom, where he permanently resides), he is represented at the national level by a governor-general.

[WeakPM-4] 3.00 ^3.01 ^3.02 ^3.03 ^3.04 ^3.05 ^3.06 ^3.07 ^3.08 ^3.09 ^3.10 ^3.11 ^3.12 ^3.13 ^3.14 ^3.15 ^3.16 ^3.17 ^3.18 ^3.19 ^3.20 ^3.21 ^3.22 ^3.23 ^3.24 ^3.25 In this state, the president is both head of state and head of government; the office of prime minister may exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—nor does the Kyrgyzstani Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers, the Peruvian President of the Council of Ministers, or the Sierra Leonean Chief Minister.

[BA1-5] The high representative is an international civilian overseer of the Dayton Agreement with authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation.

[BA2-6] The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively.

[13] The council will exercise certain presidential powers until a new president is elected or until February 7, 2026, whichever comes first. The presidency has been vacant since the assassination of Jovenel Moïse in 2021.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

[IR-14] According to articles 89 to 91 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader of Iran is the head of state, and the President is the head of government. The President is required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in before Parliament, and the Supreme Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected President at any time.

[JP-15] The constitution of Japan does not define a formal head of state, but the Emperor by unwritten constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of this role.

[NZ-16] 9.0 ^9.1 The Governor-General of New Zealand and the King's Representative of Niue are positions held by the same person.

[SM-18] 10.0 ^10.1 The Captain Regent representing the party with a plurality of seats in the legislature of San Marino, the Grand and General Council, exercises more legislative power than the Captain Regent belonging to the opposition.

[22] The Transitional Sovereignty Council is the collective head of state of Sudan per the 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration. While the council was intended to be a unity government incorporating civilian and military elements that used consensus decision making, Chairman Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who is also Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces, has monopolized power.^[9]^[10]^[11]

[CH-25] The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

[ASNZ-27] 13.0 ^13.1 Charles III is head of state of the Cook Islands and Niue in his capacity as King in Right of New Zealand. He is represented in each of these states by a King's Representative.

[3] Rudenka, Arsien (16 April 2024). "У Беларусі фармуецца УНС. Топ-7 простых пытанняў пра новы дзяржаўны орган" [The ABPA is being formed in Belarus: Top 7 simple questions about the new state organ]. Belsat TV (ēng Belarusian). 12 May 2024 khòaⁿ--ê.

[7] Cai, Derek; Head, Jonathan (7 August 2023). "Cambodia: PM's son Hun Manet appointed next ruler in royal formality". Singapore: BBC News. 7 August 2023 khòaⁿ--ê. Hun Sen will however retain leadership of the ruling Cambodian People's Party - a position political analysts say still gives him ultimate control. Pang-bô͘:* Murphy, Matt (6 August 2023). "Hun Sen: Cambodia election result confirms expected win for PM". BBC News. 7 August 2023 khòaⁿ--ê. [Hun Sen] is expected to become president of the Senate early next year and will serve as acting head of state when King Norodom Sihamoni is abroad.

[8] "General Nguema appointed transitional president of Gabon following coup". Anadolu Agency. Kigali. 30 August 2023. 31 August 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.

[9] "Haiti's Constitution of 1987 with Amendments through 2012" (PDF). Constitute Project. 20 May 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.

[10] Fatton, Robert (23 July 2021). "Will Haitians get the chance to determine their future — without foreign interference?". The Washington Post. 20 May 2023 khòaⁿ--ê. On Tuesday, Henry was sworn in, pledging to hold new elections in 120 days. For now, Haiti has no president[...].

[11] Sullivan, Becky (18 January 2023). "As its only remaining elected officials depart, Haiti reaches a breaking point". NPR. 20 May 2023 khòaⁿ--ê. The constitutional mandate of Haiti's de facto ruler, Prime Minister Ariel Henry — which some viewed as questionable from the start, as he was never technically sworn in — ended more than a year ago. The country has had no president since its last one, Jovenel Moïse, was assassinated in 2021.

[12] Mendonca, Duarte (25 April 2024). "Haiti's prime minister resigns as council sworn in to lead political transition in violence-ravaged nation". CNN. 25 April 2024 khòaⁿ--ê.

[17] "Niger military names 21-person cabinet ahead of key West African summit". Al Jazeera. 10 August 2023. 14 August 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.

[19] "Sudan's Constitution of 2019" (PDF). 23 March 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.

[20] "Sudan's reinstated PM Hamdok promises a path to democracy". Al Jazeera. 22 November 2021. 22 March 2023 khòaⁿ--ê. The 14-point deal between Hamdok and the military, signed in the presidential palace in Khartoum on Sunday, also provides for the release of all political prisoners detained during the coup and stipulates that a 2019 constitutional declaration be the basis for a political transition, according to details read out on state television.

[21] Olewe, Dickens (20 February 2023). "Mohamed 'Hemeti' Dagalo: Top Sudan military figure says coup was a mistake". BBC News. 23 March 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.

[23] "Sudan coup leader restores restructured Sovereignty Council". Radio Dabanga. Khartoum. 11 November 2021. 26 March 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.

[24] "Sudan's Burhan dismisses Hemedti of his position". Al Bawaba (ēng Eng-gí). 2023-05-19 khòaⁿ--ê.

[26] "Turkmenistan's president expands his father's power". Associated Press. Ashgabat. 22 January 2023. 29 January 2023 khòaⁿ--ê.

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